黄浦江大型底栖动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系

Community Structure of Macrozoobenthos in Huangpu River and Its Relationships With Environmental Factors

为了解黄浦江大型底栖动物的群落结构特征,于2013年11月(枯水期)和2014年7月(丰水期)采集黄浦江干流及上游支流共11个断面的沉积物和底栖动物样本。共采集到大型底栖动物29种,其中环节动物14种,节肢动物10种,软体动物5种;优势种为霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)、巨毛水丝蚓(Limnodrilus grandisetosus)、河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)和闪蚬(Corbicula nitens);黄浦江大型底栖动物平均密度为3 646.4 m-2,平均生物量为16.74 g·m-2。环节动物平均密度(3 575.6 m-2)最大,软体动物平均生物量(9.35 g·m-2)最大,环节动物主要分布在中下游,而节肢动物和软体动物主要出现在上游及上游支流。相关性分析表明,水体高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)浓度等为黄浦江大型底栖动物群落分布的主要影响因子。

A survey of macrozoobenthos in and aquatic physicochemical properties of the Huangpu River was conducted in an attempt to explore community structure of the macrozoobenthos and its relationship with environmental factors. Samples of macrozoobenthos and deposits were collected at 11 sampling sections along the Huangpu River and its upstream tributaries in November 2013 and July 2014. A total of 29 species of macrozoobenthos were harvested and identified to be 14 Annelid species,10 Arthropoda species and 5 Mollusca species. Among them,Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri,Limnodrilus grandisetosus,Corbicula fluminea and Corbicula nitens were dominant species. The macrozoobenthos in the river system was 3 646. 4m^-2in average density,with Annelida being the highest,reaching 3 575. 6 m^-2,and 16. 74 g·m^-2in average biomass with Arthropoda being the highest,reaching 9. 35 g·m^-2. Annelida was mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Huangpu River,while Mollusca and Arthropoda were in the upstream and upstream tributaries of the Huangpu River. Correlation analysis indicates that CODMn,TN and TP were the main environmental factors affecting distribution of the macrozoobenthos in the Huangpu River.