交流与竞争:近代天津城市与华北沿海城镇经济关系的变动——以塘沽、秦皇岛、烟台、青岛为例(1860—1937)

Communication and Competition : Economic Relationship Change between Modern Tianjin and North China Coastal Cities and Towns

开埠以前,天津城市与沿海城镇间的经济关系也主要体现在与东北沿海的牛庄和东南沿海的上海以及山东沿海部分城镇之间的商品交流。1860年以后,随着天津、烟台、秦皇岛、青岛等通商口岸的开辟、对内对外贸易的发展,天津城市与华北沿海城镇间的经济关系开始发生变化。一方面,天津城市与塘沽、烟台、秦皇岛、青岛等城镇之间的交通运输、商品交流、人员往来等日渐发展。另一方面,天津城市与秦皇岛、青岛等城镇的内陆腹地出现重叠和交叉,从而分别在冀东和鲁西北等地区形成竞争关系。近代天津城市与塘沽、烟台、秦皇岛、青岛华北沿海城镇间既交流又竞争的经济关系,对日后的京津冀协同发展及环渤海地区合作发展具有重要影响。

Before port opening,the economic relationship between Tianjin and coastal cities and towns is the interflow of commodities with Niu Zhuang in northeastern coast area,Shanghai in southeastern coast area and coastal cities and towns in Shandong province.After1860,with the opening of ports in Tianjin,Yantai,Qinhuangdao and Qingdao,and the development of domestic and foreign trade,the economic relationship between Tianjin and North China coastal cities and towns began to change.In one aspects,transportation,interflow of commodities and personnel exchange increased between Tianjin and Tanggu,Yantai,Qinhuangdao and Qingdao.In the other aspects,overlap and crossover showed up between Tianjin and Qinhuangdao,Qingdao which resulted in the competition with east Hebei and northwest in Shandong Province.The communication and competition relationship between modern Tianjin and North China coastal cities and towns like Tanggu,Yantai,Qinhuangdao and Qingdao has important influence to coordinated development of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei Province and cooperation in Circum-Bohai-Sea region in future.