结直肠癌异质性——基因型、表型与临床

Colorectal cancer heterogeneity： genotype, phenotype and clinical manifestation

结直肠癌是世界上第三位高发的恶性肿瘤．其又是生物学行为及疗效相对较好的一类肿瘤。结直肠癌异质性是其生物学行为一个非常重要的特质．可以体现在许多不同的层面上，包括肿瘤类型、发病机制、分子表型分型以及时间空间的异质性等。不同的发病机制以及在自然演进和干预后演进的过程中产生了不同的肿瘤表型，不同的表型展现了结直肠癌不同个体之间的千差万别，有临床特征方面的，亦有治疗反应和预后方面的。认识结直肠癌的异质性对其个体化治疗有着重要的临床价值。

Colorectal cancer is the third highincidence of malignant tumors in the world, and also a kind of tumor with good biological behavior and good efficacy. Colorectal cancer heterogeneity is a very important trait of its biological behavior, which can be reflected in many different aspects, including tumor type, pathogenesis, molecular phenotyping and time-space heterogeneity. Different pathogenesis produces different tumor phenotypes, which are generated in the process of natural evolution and intervention. Various phenotypes show the difference among different individuals of colorectal cancer, in terms of clinical characteristics, treatment response and prognosis. Understanding the heterogeneity of colorectal cancer has important clinical value for individualized treatment.