基于耗散结构和等级理论解析生态毒性效应反应终点的生态相关性

Ecological relevance of the endpoints:A perspective of ecotoxicology from dissipative structure and hierarchy theory

应用耗散结构、等级理论深入理解生态毒性效应反应终点的特征,为反应终点生态相关性研究提供一种思路。耗散结构分层稳定性产生了生命系统的等级结构,表现为一系列的生命组织层次。污染物引起生命系统耗散结构的涨落,干扰破坏了一系列生命组织层次的稳定有序状态,表现为一系列生命组织层次的毒性效应。低层次的毒性效应为高层次的毒性效应提供了功能和发生机制,高层次的毒性效应包容了低层次的毒性效应。对于表征污染物毒性的一定生命组织层次的反应终点,可由低一级生命组织层次的反应终点构筑而成,包含了低一级生命组织层次中组分及其相互作用关系对污染物的响应,直接体现了本层次组分及其相互作用关系发生的变化,同时也能参与高一级生命组织层次反应终点的构筑,成为高一级生命组织层次中组分的毒性效应机制,但难以直接体现高一级生命组织层次中组分相互作用关系的变化。因此,生态毒性效应的反应终点也相应具有等级层次性,不同等级层次上的反应终点具有不同的生态关联性。表征群落水平上的生态毒性效应,需要在群落水平上寻找表征群落效应的反应终点,根据复杂系统的离散性特点,通过等级层次分解原则将生物群落划分成便于研究和观察的若干整体元,从整体元入手,建立能够沟通种群以下层次和群落层次的整体元生态毒性效应机理的多尺度等级模型,从而为建立污染物浓度与群落效应之间定量关系提供一种新思路,为理解和评价污染物的生态和环境影响提供一个更全面而准确的途径。

In this paper,the dissipative structure and hierarchy theory are used to comprehend the endpoint of ecotoxicological effect.The hierarchical stability of dissipative structure produces the hierarchical structure of the life system,which is represented by a series of life levels.The pollution causes the fluctuation of the dissipative structure of the life system and interferes with the stability of a series of life organization,displaying a series of toxic effects on the organizations of life.The toxic effects at low levels provide a functional and developmental mechanism for that at high levels,and toxic effects at high levels are compatible with that at low levels.The endpoint at a certain life level that characterizes the toxicity of pollutants can be constructed from the endpoints at the low level,including the response of components at the low level and the response of their interactions to the pollutants.It also directly reflects the changes in components and their interactions.Furthermore,an endpoint can be involved in the construction of endpoint at a high level,becoming the toxic mechanism of life organization at the high level.However,it is difficult for an endpoint to reflect directly the changes of relationships among constituents at a high level.Therefore,the endpoint of the toxic effect has a hierarchical nature,and the endpoint at different levels has different ecological relevance.In order to characterize the effects of ecological toxicity at community level,we need to find the endpoint at the community level.Considering the discrete characteristics of complex system,we can divide the biological community into several holons that can be readily studied and observed following the principle of hierarchical decomposition.A multi-scale hierarchical mechanism model that links the ecological toxicity mechanism of holons at community level to the ones at population level and below should be established.This model can provide a new way to establish the quantitative relationship between pollutant concentration and community effect,and can provide a more comprehensive and accurate way to understand and evaluate the ecological and environmental impacts of pollutants.