湿地水生无脊椎动物群落结构及影响因素

Review on the structure and influencing factors of aquatic invertebrates in wetland ecosystems

湿地是介于陆地和水体系统之间的具有多种功能的特殊地理综合体和生态系统。水生无脊椎动物是湿地生态系统的一个重要类群,是湿地物质循环和能量流动的重要参与者,其群落特征及空间分布能够反映出湿地的许多特征。本文总结了湿地水生无脊椎动物组成特征,系统介绍了不同类型湿地中水生无脊椎动物群落结构,讨论了非生物因子(底质、温度、水文、溶解氧、pH、氮、磷等)、生物因子(植被、竞争和捕食)及人类活动干扰(电站建设、城镇化等)对湿地水生无脊椎动物群落结构的影响,提出了目前湿地水生无脊椎动物研究存在的问题,并对未来研究方向和重点提出了展望。

Wetlands are a special ecological complex with a variety of functions between terrestrial and aquatic systems.Aquatic invertebrates are an important group of biotic communities in wetland ecosystems and are important participants in wetland material cycling and energy flow.Their community characteristics and spatial distribution can reflect many characteristics of wetland.In this paper,we summarized the structure and influence factors of aquatic invertebrates,as well as the aquatic invertebrate composition,and the structural characteristics of aquatic invertebrates in different types of wetlands.We also discussed the influences of environmental factors including abiotic factors（e.g.sediment,temperature,hydrology,dissolved oxygen,pH,phosphorus and nitrogen,etc.）,biotic factors（e.g.vegetation,competition and predation） and anthropogenic disturbances on community structure of aquatic invertebrates.Finally,we outlined the problems and the prospects of aquatic invertebrate research in wetland ecosystems.