汉语二语者路径动词的混用倾向及其成因——聚焦指示语义成分的类型学分析

On the Tendencies and Causes of Confused Path Verbs Used by Chinese Second Language Learners——A Typological Analysis Focused on the Semantic Component of Deixis

本文聚焦指示语义成分,对汉语二语学习者混用的路径动词的词义进行分析。首先确定了两类与指示相关的路径动词混用:指示与无指示路径动词的混用、趋近与背离路径动词的混用。然后从语言类型学视角观察混用倾向,发现学习者混用指示与无指示路径动词普遍出现于述宾结构和连动结构中,仅有印尼语者使用无指示路径光杆动词,遗漏宾语;而混用趋近与背离路径动词普遍出现于兼语结构和述宾结构中,但在述宾结构中,宾语的类型不完全相同。最后,通过跨语言比较分析路径动词混用的原因,发现学习者混用指示与无指示路径动词是因为不明晰汉语词的语义差异,并受到汉语连动结构和母语指示编码策略的影响;混用趋近和背离路径动词主要受到汉语兼语结构和母语词用法的影响。

Focusing on the semantic component of deixis in path element, this thesis demarcates two types of confusion errors closely related with deixis among CSL learners, including the confusion ofdeixis and non-deixis path verbs, and the confusion of hither-thither deixis path verbs. The first type of error could usually be found in verb-object construction and serial verb construction. Among all the examinees, only CSL learners with Indonesian background would misuse non-deixis path verbs without an object. In most cases, the second type of error appears in pivotal construction and verb-object construction with various expressions. The first type of error is caused by semantic miscomprehension of deixis and non-deixis path verbs in Chinese, influence from serial verb construction in Chinese and influence from deixis encoding strategy in their mother tongue. The other type of error is tempted by the interference from the pivotal construction in Chinese and the analogy of path verbs in their mother tongue.