圣胡安印第安传统村落民居的保护及修复

PRESERVATION AND REHABILITATION OF THE DWELLINGS OF OHKAY OWINGEH TRADITIONAL INDIAN VILLAGE

圣胡安印第安传统村落位于美国新墨西哥州,至今已有700多年的历史,由于其重要的历史与文化价值,于1974年被列入美国国家史迹名录。村落中大部分建筑因自然及人为因素不断破败,到2005年仅有约60座房屋留存,导致了印第安人的生活方式、语言和传统的建筑技术面临消失的危险。因此,圣胡安房屋管理委员会决定采取行动来复兴这一村落。在村落的保护规划中,首先积极与当地居民达成保护共识,之后采取了很多创新的方法来修复传统民居,并且基于动态保护的理念对修复后的村落进行维护。这一保护实践呈现出了3个特点:1)应该采用灵活的保护标准来面对复杂的实际情况;2)在今天的语境中对传统的合理取舍;3)传统的动态传承。这对我国当下传统村落的保护实践具有十分重要的启示意义。

Ohkay Owingeh Indian traditional village,located in New Mexico,has a history over 700 years. It was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1974 because of the unique historical and cultural significance.Unfortunately,the majority of buildings in the village were dilapidated due to natural and human factors,less than 60 adobe houses remained in 2005. The current situation contributed to the deterioration of Indian life-way,language,and centuries-old construction methods. As a result,Ohkay Owingeh Housing Authority decided to revive the village.After a long period of preparation,the protection plan reached a consensus among local residents. Many creative measures were carried out to rehabilitate the traditional dwellings,and based on dynamic preservation concept to maintain the repaired village. The project presented three important factors： 1） flexible preservation standards should be taken according to complex situation; 2） balancing the needs in today ＇s context; 3） inheriting the tradition dynamically. The project provided important reference for the preservation of traditional villages in China.