农业适度规模经营的趋势、阶段性特征与制约——基于洞庭湖县市的调查分析

Investigation on agricultural moderate scale management of Dongting Lake County

推行农业适度规模经营是提升农业经营效益的关键,也是确保粮食安全的重要举措。基于洞庭湖周边4个县(市)的实地研究表明:在政府实行农地流转、加大补贴力度等方式的鼓励下,新型经营主体迅速增加,队伍年轻化趋势明显,职业素质不断提高,收入大幅度提升;务工收入与家庭承载力成为规模决策的主要参考变量,适度规模区间在反复实践中具有自然形成的趋势,家庭农场在适度规模经营中展现出明显优势;适度规模经营面临的瓶颈性制约主要为基础设施不完善,机械化水平不高,土地经营权不稳定,环境和食品安全标准界定不明晰。据此,从助推职业农民成长、创新社会化服务、推进土地制度改革和建立农产品质量安全监管机制等四个方面提出政策建议。

The implementation of moderate scale agriculture is the key to improving the efficiency of agricultural management and an important measure to ensure food security.Based on the field study of four counties around Dongting Lake,it shows that under the encouragement of the government＇s policy of rural land circulation and subsidy intensification,the new type of agricultural business entities is increasing rapidly with more young people and improved professional quality and income;labor income and household bearing capacity become the main reference variable of scale decision;moderate scale has a natural trend in repeated practice;family farms have obvious advantages in moderate scale operation.The bottlenecks are imperfect infrastructure,low level of mechanization,unstable land management rights,and unclear environmental and food safety standards.Thus it propose boosting professional farmers＇ growth,innovating social service,promoting land system reform and establishing quality and safety supervision mechanism of agricultural products.