把人当人与散在社会的知识之利用——夏道平的自由主义

Treat Man as Man and the Use of Knowledge in Society——The Liberalism of Xia Daoping

战后台湾的自由主义在受到海耶克的理论影响下,开始毫不含糊地提出把人当人这种"康正的个人主义"的主张。本文尝试集中探讨夏道平在这方面的贡献。夏道平对海耶克社会哲学有深切的了解,敏锐地看到自由社会秩序的形成,并非依赖科学主义式的中央规划,而是由"人的行为结果,但非人的设计结果"所产生的种种长成的协作机制所促成。夏道平通过其著作及对奥国经济学派大师们的译作,有力地论证了散落在社会各处的个人知识和实践智慧,对人作为人的重要性。社会上长成的协作机制,例如价格信号,对特定情境和时地下的个人知识的利用,既带来社会和经济上的发展,也让个人作出自主的选择,在进行社会合作的同时满足个人的追寻。由于在长成的社会秩序中,个人之间的关联不是建立在共同目的上而是建立在协作的机制上,因此尊重独一无二的个人就是尊重每个自主的个人目的、选择,把个人视为是有道德自我的主体,让每个人在那些保障协作的机制上得到平等的对待和保护,把人当人。

After the war, Taiwan＇s liberalism, under the influence of Hayek＇s theory, began to unequivocably put forward the idea of ＂humanistic＂.This paper attempts to focus on the contribution of Xia Daoping in this regard. Xia Daoping has a deep understanding of Hayek＇s social philosophy, keenly see the formation of free social order, not dependent on the scientific central planning, by the ＂hu- man behavior results, but non-human design results＂ generated all kinds of collaborative mechanisms contributed to. Xia Dao-ping through his works and the Austrian School of Economics masters of the translation, a strong demonstration of scattered around the com- munity of personal knowledge and practical wisdom, the importance of people as a person. Social and long-standing collaboration mech- anisms, such as price signals, the use of personal knowledge of specific contexts and places, bring both social and economic develop- ment and allow individuals to make their own choices and to meet individual needs while conducting social cooperation. Since the asso- ciation between individuals is not based on a common purpose but a mechanism of collaboration in a long social order, respe6t for a unique person is to respect each individual＇s individual purpose, to choose, to treat the individual as the subject of moral self, so that everyone in the protection of the mechanism of cooperation to be equal treatment and protection, treat man as man.