地方利益博弈与国民政府的基层治理困境——战时三峡实验区改县事件研究

The Game of Local Interests and the Difficulty of Grass-roots Governance of the Nationalist Government——A Study of the Incident of Changing the Three Gorges Experimentation Area to a County

1940年3月四川省率先实施新县制并对省内县界进行调整,三峡实验区区长卢子英趁机提出从周边县份划出乡镇单独设县,因江北、巴县、璧山、合川等四县的反对,最终以实验区改组为北碚管理局而告终。在随后的交接过程中,江、巴、璧三县与北碚管理局之间因公学产的归属发生纠纷,璧、北之间更爆发了武装对峙的澄江争治事件。该事件虽被暂时平息,但双方对公学产的争夺一直持续至战后。地方势力固然是国民政府在四川基层推行政策的阻碍因素,但地方政权之间的利益博弈也不可忽视。川政统一后国民政府力图控制四川,但地方政权之间的利益冲突使得中央政策在基层行政中难于推行,这种困境也表明在某种意义上国民政府对四川基层控制的失败。

In March 1940 Sichuan province took the lead to implement new county system and adjusted the boundaries of counties in the province. The chief of the Three Gorges Experimentation Area Lu Ziying took the chance to ask the provincial government to line out some towns and villages to him and separately establish a county. Because of objections of Jiangbei,Ba,Bishan,Hechuan and other counties,the plan failed and the Experimentation Area was in the end reorganized as Beibei Administration Bureau. In the subsequent handover process,Jiangbei county,Ba county and Bishan county were involved in disputes with Beibei Administration Bureau over the ownership of public schools,and an armed confrontation,which was called the Incident Striving for Chengjiang River,occurred between Bishan county and Beibei Administration Bureau. Though the Incident was temporarily subsided,the struggles of the two parties over public schools lasted until the end of the War of Resistance. Local forces were indeed the obstructive factors for the Nationalist government to carry out policies in grass-root society in Sichuan province,but the interest games between local regimes should also not be neglected. After the political unity of Sichuan province,the Nationalist government tried to control Sichuan,but the interest conflicts between local regimes made it difficult to press ahead the central government's policies to grass-root administration. In a sense,this dilemma also shows the failure of the Nationalist government to control the Sichuan grassroot society.