西方国家教育重建运动的审视与启示

Review and Revelation of Educational Reconstruction Movement in Western Countries

西方国家教育重建运动改革的核心是分权、放权以及将市场成分引入教育领域,重点是打破国家对教育的垄断和分解集权化的教育管理体制,以提高学校效能。它在取得一定成效的同时,也造成了学校内部出现新的集权、教师的职业特性被削弱及教育不公平等负面效应,为我国当前教育分权改革提供了诸多启示:教育分权改革必须根植于中国国情,且不可移植或复制域外经验;教育分权与集权可以并行不悖,二者之间应建立一种调适机制;创新教育管理体制和机制,厘清政府与学校之间关系;推行清单管理方式;创新学校内部管理制度,确保权力在学校内部再分配;提升政府和学校的治理能力。

The core of the public education reconstruction movement reform is decentralization and decentralization and the introduction of market elements into the field of education, and the key is to break the state monopoly on education and decompose the centralizational education management system, Try to increase the efficiency of the school. It achieved some success, meanwhile, it also resulted in the negative effects, such as the emergence of new centralization within the school, the teachers＇ professional characteristics are weakened, and the unfair education. It provided a lot of inspiration for the reform of China＇s current education decentralization. Educational decentralization reform must be rooted in China＇s national conditions, and can not be transplanted or copy foreign experience; education decentralization and centralization can be parallel and a mechanism of adjustment should be established between the two; innovate the education management system and mechanism, clarify the relationship between the government and the school; promote the inventory management;innovate the school internal management system and ensure the redistribution of power within the school; and enhance the capacity of the government and schools.