农村在校留守儿童心理健康及影响因素

Mental health and its influencing factors among rural left-behind school children

目的了解农村在校留守儿童心理健康状况及影响因素。方法于2012年11月采用方便抽样方法,抽取麻城2个乡镇,每个乡镇随机抽取小学(只6年级)、初中(1~3年级)、高中(1~3年级)各1所学校共1 925名学生进行心理健康及其影响因素调查。结果留守儿童725人(37.66%),心理健康得分为(128.58±39.25)分,非留守儿童1200人(62.34%),心理健康得分为(127.76±37.29)分,差异无统计学意义(P=0.648);有心理问题留守儿童的心理弹性除社会能力、目标与志向因子外,其他因子及总分均明显低于无心理问题留守儿童(P<0.05);不想念父母的留守儿童MMHI-60心理健康得分最高(153.58±44.88)分,心理健康状况较差;对父母外出务工持支持态度的留守儿童MMHI-60心理健康得分最低(121.18±38.04)分,心理健康状况较好;不同每月零用钱留守儿童心理健康得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中每月零用钱<50元的留守儿童MMHI-60心理健康得分最低(125.53±41.19)分,心理健康状况较好;多元线性回归分析显示,年级、对父母外出务工的态度及心理弹性是心理健康的影响因素。结论心理弹性是留守儿童心理健康的保护因素,高年级及对父母外出务工的态度淡漠是心理健康的危险因素。

Objective To examine the status and influence factors of mental health among rural left-behind school children.Methods With convenience sampling,1 925 pupils of grade 6,junior and high school students were recruited from 6 primary and high schools at two towns of Macheng municipality of Hubei province and were self-administered anonymously with a general questionnaire,Health Kids Resilience Assessment （HKRA）,and Mental Health Inventory of Middle-School Students （MMHI-60）in September 2012.Results The total MMHI-60 score was 128.58±39.25 for the 725 （37.66% of all students surveyed） left-behind school children and 127.76±37.2 for the 1 200 （62.34%） non-left-behind school children,without significant difference.The left-behind school children identified with mental health problems showed significantly lower MMHI-60 total score and domain scores than the non-left-behind school children （P〈0.05 for all）,except for scores of social ability and goal and ambition domain.Among the left-behind school children,those not missing their parents had a lower mental health status,with the highest MMHI-60 total score （153.58±44.88）,and those presenting positive attitude towards their parents＇ migrant working had a better mental health status,with the lowest MMHI-60 total score （121.18±38.04）.The MMHI-60 total score differed among the left-behind school children with different amount of monthly pocket money and those with the monthly pocket money of less than 50 RMB yuan had the lowest MMHI-60 total score （125.53±41.19）,suggesting that they had a better mental health status.Multivariate analyses showed that grade of study,the attitude towards their parents＇ migrant working,and psychological resilience were major influencing factors for mental health among the left-behind school children.Conclusion Psychological resilience is a protective factor for mental health;whereas,being at higher grade of study and negative attitude towards their parents＇ migrant working are risk factors for mental health among rural left-behind school children.