中国小麦条锈菌条中34号的发现及其致病特性

Discovery and pathogenicity of CYR34,a new race of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. triticiin China

小麦条锈菌贵农22致病类型9(简称G22-9)2009年首次在四川省仪陇县的小麦品种川麦42上检测到,目前已扩展至全国9省65县(市、区)。其出现频率从2009年的0.11%逐年上升至2015年的10.56%。从其毒性基因谱、对生产品种的致病性以及近年来的出现频率和分布范围衡量,预测其在今后一段时间内将成为我国小麦条锈菌的主要优势小种。2016年经全国小麦锈病和白粉病研究协作组会商决定,将G22-9致病类型正式命名为条中34号。条中34号小种的出现和近年来的持续发展对我国小麦条锈病的发生流行以及抗病育种产生重要影响,对小麦安全生产构成一定威胁。今后应加强对该小种动态监测和抗病育种的预见性,及早调整品种布局,采取作物结构调整和药剂包衣(或拌种)等预防与控制措施,降低病害流行风险,保障小麦生产安全。

Wheat stripe rust pathotype G22-9 was firstly detected on Chuanmai 42 in Yilong county of Sichuan province in 2009, and then spread to wheat growing areas in 65 counties of 9 provinces in 2015. Its frequency increased from 0.11%（2009） to 10.56%（2015） all over the country in 2015 year by year. Due to its wide virulent spectrum, strong pathogencity and high frequency, （322-9 is becoming the predominant race national wide and was named as CYR34 during the 2016 annual meeting of national wheat rusts and powdery mildew research collaboration group. This newly emerged race and its development will have profound effects on stripe rust epidemics and wheat breeding for resistance in China. It is recommended that constant race dynamic monitoring, variety deployment, expective resistance breeding and other management strategies should give priority to the control of CYR34 so as to ensure the safety of wheat production.