县级市生态环境治理的两维向度:增长压力与财政压力

Two Dimensions of Ecological Environment Governance in County-level Cities:Growth Pressure and Financial Pressure

基于中国312个县级市的面板数据,验证了增长压力和财政压力两个制度因素对县级市生态环境挑战与环境治理的影响。研究发现,经济增速低于所在省份GDP平均增速的县级市,其所面临的增长压力会加剧环境污染;财政支出与财政收入之比较低的县级市,其所面临的财政压力相对较小,但环境污染更严重。而且这个规律在中等城市、中西部和东北地区的县级市也同样成立。在加快推进生态文明建设、大力改善环境质量的进程中,要正确处理好经济发展和环境保护的关系,一方面要弱化增长压力,防范中西部和东北地区县级市或县域因追求经济增长而纵容环境污染;另一方面要强化环保地方事权,在财政压力相对较小的县级市,切实落实地方政府的环境保护主体责任。

Using panel data of 312 country-level cities in China from 2011 to 2014,the influence of growth pressure and fiscal pressure on environmental pollution was investigated.It was found that,the more growth pressure and the less fiscal pressure is,the more environmental pollution will be.In addition,the influence of growth pressure and fiscal pressure in middle cities and western cities were the same.It is important to deal with the relationship between economic growth and environmental protection in the process of the construction of ecological civilization and the improvement of environmental quality.On the one hand,the growth pressure should be weaken to avoid＂pollution before rich＂ in central and western cities or counties due to the pursuit of economic growth;and on the other hand,the local authority of environmental protection should be enhanced to avoid ＂heavy pollution with small rich＂ in cities with less fiscal pressure.