供给侧改革背景下的黑龙江省旅游需求和旅游供给耦合协调发展

Coupling Coordination Development of Tourism Demand and Supply of Heilongjiang Province at the Background of Supply-side Reform

在供给侧结构性改革背景下,依据耦合协调原理与模型,构建旅游供需评价指标体系,对黑龙江省旅游供需发展水平和耦合协调关系进行分析。研究表明:(1)旅游需求和供给系统综合发展指数波动上升,发展态势良好;(2)旅游供需耦合协调度平稳增长,耦合协调等级经历轻度失调-濒临失调-勉强协调-初步协调;旅游供给滞后为历史特征,旅游需求滞后渐显扩大;(3)旅游需求和旅游供给各子系统耦合协调等级介于勉强协调与初级协调阶段;旅游供给子系统相对滞后,且交通供给滞后更为凸显。

As the two elements of tourism economic system, it is of great significance to seek the balance and coordinate the relationship between tourism demand and supply. At the background of supply-side structural re- form and according to the coupling coordination principal, the comprehensive evaluation index system of tour- ism demand and supply should be built and coupling coordination model is used to measure and evaluate the development level and relationship of tourism demand and supply of Heilongjiang Province. The research shows that： 1） From the point of view of the overall development of the tourism supply and demand system, from 2004 to 2014 the two systems of Heilongjiang Province rise in wave and the comprehensive development situation is good. The tourism demand system has low stability, high elasticity and strong restoring ability. The tourism supply system has significantly improved and the stability has highlighted. 2） From the point of view of the coupling coordination development of tourism supply and demand, from 2004 to 2014 the coupling coor- dination degree is steadily rising and coupling coordination level has experienced four stages： mild disorder-on the verge of disorder-barely coordination-preliminary coordination; the two systems has been from disorder to order, from the disorder to coordinate. In the tourism supply and demand type, the tourism supply lag is the his- torical characteristic and demand lag fade in expanding trend. 3） From the point of view of the structure of the coupling coordination development, the tourism demand and supply subsystem steadily increase and it is be- tween barely coordination and preliminary coordination development stage. Compared with the tourism de- mand system, the tourism core reception subsystem give priority to develop, the tourism environment subsys- tem synchronously develop, the tourism service subsystem is relatively backward and the tourism transporta- tion subsystem is badly lagged behind. Hereto, it is necessary to focus on boosting the structural reform of tour- ism supply side, optimize the structure of supply and improve supply efficiency for Heilongjiang Province. On the one hand, to increase the quantity of effective supply, we should not only pay attention to develop new tour- ism products, but also focus on making up for the lack of tourism core supply. On the other hand, to adjust the structure of tourism supply, the tourism supply focus on building the core tourism supply and environmental supply for a long time, and the supply of tourism services and transportation is seriously inadequate and be- come short. On the basis of supply and demand docking, according to the sequence of tourism transportation - travel services - tourism environment - tourism core reception, we need step-by-step and rhythmically to ad- just the structure of tourism supply and to realize efficient development of tourism supply from the node to the whole domain, which is the stimulus ＂strong impetus＂ of tourism demand.