煤热解制油和油页岩制油技术评述与比较分析

Review and techno-economic analysis of coal pyrolysis to liquid and oil shale to liquid processes

近年来,以煤热解为龙头制燃料油和油页岩制燃料油作为战略储备能源生产路线得到了快速的发展。评述和比较了典型煤热解制油与油页岩制油技术。对比分析表明:生产每吨燃料油,需消耗11.4 t低阶煤或24.5 t油页岩。煤热解制油水耗是油页岩制油的1.4倍。经济方面,煤热解制油和油页岩制油投资分别为6510和5716元/吨燃料油;生产成本分别为3887和4217元/吨燃料油;通过计算不同原料价格下相对于国际原油价格的盈亏平衡点,得出煤热解制油和油页岩制油的盈亏平衡点分别在59~68 USD·bbl^(-1)和71~76 USD·bbl^(-1)之间变化。煤热解制油和油页岩制油路线各有优劣,仍需完善相关技术和延伸产业链,可从干馏炉、系统集成、综合利用、多联产等方面寻求突破。

Recently, coal pyrolysis to liquid （CPTL） process and oil shale to liquid （STL） process have developed rapidly for the strategic reserve of energy. This paper reviews major technologies of CPTL and STL process, then compares the two processes from aspects of techno-economic. Result shows that CPTL process consumes 11.4 tonnes low-rank coal per tonne fuel oil while STL process needs 24.5 tonnes oil shale correspondingly; meanwhile, water consumption of CPTL process is 1.4 times than that of STL process. Economic performance shows that the total capital investment of CPTL process is 6510 CNY·t^-1 fuel oil while STL process is 5716 CNY·t^-1 fuel oil; however, the production cost of CPTL process is 3887 CNY·t^-1 fuel oil while STL process costs 4217 CNY·t^-1 fuel oil; also, calculating results indicate that the break-even crude oil price of CPTL process and STL process fluctuate at 59-68 USD·bbl^-1 and 71-76 USD·bbl^-1 separately. Generally speaking, it is necessary to improve and consummate relevant techniques or prolong downstream industrial chain, we can seek a breakthrough from retorting, system integration, comprehensive utilization and poly-generation etc.