改良股前外侧游离穿支皮瓣桥式交叉移植修复小腿中下段软组织缺损

Modified anterolateral thigh perforator flap pedicled by cross-bridge microvascular anastomosis for repairing soft tissue defects in middle and lower segments of leg

目的探讨应用改良股前外侧游离穿支皮瓣桥式交叉移植修复小腿中下段软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法 2011年3月—2015年6月,收治15例小腿中下段皮肤软组织缺损患者。男9例,女6例;年龄22~48岁,平均32.6岁。致伤原因:交通事故伤8例,机器绞伤5例,重物压砸伤2例。受伤至入院时间为2 h^1周,平均86.2 h。创面缺损范围为13 cm×9 cm^23 cm×16 cm。入院后一期清创、负压引流治疗,二期行改良股前外侧游离穿支皮瓣桥式交叉修复创面,皮瓣切取范围15 cm×10 cm^25 cm×15 cm。供区直接缝合或游离植皮修复。修复术后4周断蒂。结果术后1例皮瓣出现血管危象,2例皮瓣部分皮缘发生坏死,经对症处理后成活;其余皮瓣均顺利成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合。供区切口均Ⅰ期愈合,植皮均顺利成活。术后患者均获随访,随访时间6~24个月,平均13个月。皮瓣外观满意,质地与健侧相似,皮瓣恢复保护性感觉;术后6个月两点辨别觉为15~28 mm,平均19.5 mm。供区无瘢痕挛缩,双下肢功能均正常。结论改良股前外侧游离穿支皮瓣采用健侧胫前/后血管桥式交叉供血,血供可靠,供区损伤小,是修复小腿中下段大面积软组织缺损伴主干血管严重损伤的可供选择的修复方式之一。

Objective To explore the effectiveness of modified anterolateral thigh perforator flap pedicled by cross-bridge microvascular anastomosis in treatment of soft tissue defects in the middle and lower segments of the leg. Methods Between March 2011 and June 2015, 15 cases with skin and soft tissue defects in the middle and lower segments of the legs were treated. There were 9 males and 6 females, aged 22-48 years （mean, 32.6 years）. Of whom, 8 patients caused by traffic accidents, 5 by machine twist, and 2 by crash injury of heavy object. The mean interval from injury to admission was 82.6 hours （range, 2 hours to 1 week）. The area of defect ranged from 13 cm×9 cm to 23 cm×16 cm. After primary debridement and vaccum sealing drainage treatment, the defects were repaired with modified anterolateral thigh perforator flap pedicled by cross-bridge microvascular anastomosis. The size of flap ranged from 15 cm×10 cm to 25 cm×15 cm. The donor sites were sutured directly or repaired with the skin grafts. The pedicle division was done at 4 weeks after operation. Results After operation, venous crisis occurred in 1 case and distal skin necrosis in 2 cases which was healed by dressing change. The other tissue flaps survived successfully and wounds healed by first intention. All skin grafts at donor site survived after operation, and primary healing of wound was obtained. All patients were followed up 6-24 months （mean, 13 months）. All flaps were characterized by soft texture, satisfactory appearance, and restoring the protective sensation. Moreover, the two-point discrimination ranged from 15 to 28 mm （mean, 19.5 mm） at 6 months after operation. The function of both lower extremities were normal without obvious contracture of scar at donor site. Conclusion Modified free anterolateral thigh perforator flap, with little damage in donor site, a reliable blood supply by making a cross-bridge microvascular anastomosis with pretibial or posterior tibial blood vessel on normal leg, is a reliable alternative method for repairing soft tissue defects with the main vessels of serious injury in the middle and lower segments of the leg.