898例放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞畸变检查分析

Analysis on aberration of peripheral blood lymphocytes of 898 radiation workers

(1)目的探讨长时间接触低剂量放射线对放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞的影响。(2)方法采集898例放射工作人员(包括工业组和医疗组)及381例非放射工作人员(对照组)外周血,对不同工种、性别、工龄阶段放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞微核阳性率及染色体畸变阳性率进行统计分析。(3)结果工业组与医疗组放射工作人员淋巴细胞畸变阳性率分别为7.49%与8.42%,大于对照组(1.31%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。工业组中,0~9年工龄组淋巴细胞畸变阳性率为1.06%,低于10~19年与20~29年工龄组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=5.737、6.182,P<0.05)。医疗组中,0~9年工龄组淋巴细胞畸变阳性率为1.23%,低于10~19年、20~29年、30年以上工龄组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.217、6.294、4.519,P<0.05)。(4)结论长期低剂量接触放射线可导致外周血淋巴细胞遗传损伤,损伤程度随工龄增加有所提升,放射工作人员的职业健康保护需进一步加强。

Objective To explore the effect of prolonged exposure to low dose radiation on pe- ripheral blood lymphocyte aberration in radiation workers.Methods A total of 898 radiation workers＇ peripheral blood and 381 non-radiation workers＇ peripheral blood were collected and then statistically analyzed peripheral blood lymphocyte micronucleu positive rates and chromosome aberration positive rates of the radiation workers with different types, genders and working lives.Results The lymphocyte aberration positive rates in industrial group and medical group were 7.49 % and 8.42 % which were higher than the control group（1.31%）, the differences were statistically significant （ P 〈0.05）. In in- dustrial group, the lymphocyte aberration rate in 0 N 9 working years group was 1.06 % which was lower than those in 10- 19 working years group and 20% 29 working years group, the differences were statistically significant （X2： 5.737,6.182, P （0.05）. In medical group, the lymphocyte aberration rate in 0N 9 working years group was 1.23% which was lower than those in 10--19 working years group, 9,0-- 29 working years group and above 30 working years group, the differences were statistically sig- nificant （X2=4.217,6.294,4.519, P （0.05）.Conclusion The contact of low-dose and long-term ioni- zing radiation can result in the peripheral blood lymphocytes＇ genetic changes in radiation workers, and the degree of injury increased with the working years.The radiation workers＇ professional protec-tion need to be further strengthened.