生物有机肥对黄壤烟田微生物生态特性的影响

Effect of a Bio-Organic Fertilizer on the Ecological Characteristics of Microbes in a Tobacco Field of Yellow Soil

为探明连续3年施用生物有机肥对黄壤烟田微生物生态特性的影响,本文采用田间定位试验,研究了不同培肥模式(常规处理、生物有机肥375kg/hm^2、生物有机肥750kg/hm^2、生物有机肥1 500kg/hm^2)对烟叶品质、土壤微生物数量及活性的影响.结果表明:相对于常规处理,连续3年施用生物有机肥的处理,中上等烟叶的比例都有一定程度的提高,均价、总产值和中上等烟叶的比例都有一定程度的提高,以生物有机肥750kg/hm^2处理的均价、中上等烟比例和总产值最高;相对于常规处理,生物有机肥750kg/hm^2和1 500kg/hm^2处理均明显提高了黄壤烟田土壤微生物生态特性参数(如微生物碳氮、土壤微生物熵及土壤微生物呼吸强度等),结合烤烟生产生物有机肥750kg/hm^2处理对黄壤烟田微生态改良为最佳选择.研究结果可为维持或提高黄壤烟田的生态功能提供理论依据和技术支撑.

In order to investigate the effect of a bio-organic fertilizer on the ecological characteristics of microbes in tobacco fields of yellow soil,a field location experiment was conducted,in which different fertilization modes（conventional treatment,biological organic fertilizer,biological organic fertilizer 375kg/hm^2,750kg/hm^2 and 1500kg/hm^2）were used in three consecutive years,and their influences on the economic benefit of the tobacco crop,tobacco quality and the number of soil microbes and their activity were recorded.The results showed that compared with the conventional treatment,all biological organic fertilizer treatments increased,in different extents,the average price and total output of the tobacco leaves,and the proportion of medium and good-grade leaves,the treatment of biological organic fertilizer at 750kg/hm^2 giving the best results.Again,compared with the conventional treatment,application of bio-organic fertilizer at 750 or 1500kg/hm^2 significantly improved the parameters associated with the ecological characteristics of microbes in tobacco fields of yellow soil：soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,microbial quotient and soil microbial respiratory strength.In summary,application of biological organic fertilizer at 750kg/hm^2 is the optimal treatment for the micro-ecological restoration and reconstruction of tobacco fields of yellow soil.