“二孩”政策下一孩青年父母的生育观调查研究——以南京地区为例

Research on the Fertility Concept of One-child Young Parents under the “Two Children” Policy:A Case Study of Nanjing

了解一孩青年父母生育观念,对于探求"全面二孩"政策对解决我国人口困境的影响与对策相当重要。采用分层整群抽样为主,方便抽样为辅的方法,对南京市400名一孩青年父母进行抽样实证调查。调查结果为:理想的家庭孩子数是两个的占72.5%,是一个的占21.8%;认为在现有政策下理想的孩子性别搭配是一男一女的占88.3%;一孩青年父母有再生育意愿的仅占14%;希望二孩是女孩的家庭明显多于希望二孩是男孩的家庭(46.7%vs.13.8%)。对调查数据进行分析得出结论:南京地区一孩青年父母的再生育意愿很低;该地区主流的生育观还是希望生育两个孩子,这为开展鼓励生育二胎提供了一定前提条件;政府部门应采取从影响育龄夫妇生育观和重建社会规范到提升生育意愿,再提供便利条件提高生育行为的策略。

Understanding the fertility concept of one-child young parents is helpful to explore the influence and countermeasures of the ＂comprehensive two children＂ policy on solving China＇s population dilemma. Using stratified cluster sampling and convenient sampling, a sample survey was conducted among 400 par- ents of one child in Nanjing. Results show that the ideal number of children in a family is two accounted for 72.5%, and one accounted for 21.8%; the idealehildren gender match under the current policy is a boy and a girl accounted for 88.3% ; only 14% of one-child young parents have a desire to re-fertility. Families ho- ping the female second children are significantly more than that hoping the male second children （46.7% vs. 13.8%）. The conclusion is that one-child young parents＇ willingness to re-fertility is very low in Nan- jing area; the mainstream of fertility concept still hope to have two children, which provides certain condi- tions to encourage two births; the government departments should take strategy by impacting childbearing couple^s fertility concept and reconstructing social norms to enhance their fertility will, and then provide convenient conditions to improve fertility behavior.