基于双螺旋模型的高校创客空间构建及其生态系统耗散结构分析

Establishment of "Makerspace" in University and the Dissipative Structure of Entrepreneurial Eco-system

[目的/意义]发展创客空间是推进"大众创业、万众创新"的重要途径,而高校作为培养创新创业人才的重镇理应起到带头作用,基于众创空间快速兴起的时代背景,探讨高校的创客空间建设问题。[方法/过程]首先总结了高校建设创客空间的独特优势;其次,分析了基于线上线下"双螺旋"模型的创客空间构建,以及创客空间生态系统的构成要素;最后,基于耗散结构理论论证了引起高校创客空间生态系统熵变的内外部因素,并结合高校创客空间的新生劣势提出相应的稳固机制和发展策略。[结果/结论]高校建立线上线下动态耦合的"双螺旋"创客空间发展模式,需要引导各类主体和资源要素聚集,形成创业生态系统,由于该系统具有耗散结构特征,因此还需从成员、关系和制度层面对内部系统熵增进行控制,研究结果有助于促进我国的高校创客空间发展和创客教育实践。

[Purpose/Significance] The development of ＂Makerspace＂ is an important way to promote mass entrepreneurship and innova- tion. As key centers to cultivate innovative talents, colleges and universities should play a leading role. [ Method/Process ] Under the background of the rapid rise of ＂Makerspace＂, this paper puts forward the construction of ＂Makerspace＂ which is based on the double helix model, and the composing elements of ecological system in the ＂Makerspace＂. Finally, this paper sets up several strategies according to the structural analysis of entrepreneurial eco-system based on Dissipative Structure Theory, to promote the development of ＂Mak- erspace＂ and the entrepreneurial education in universities. [ Result/Conclusion] The establishment of ＂Makerspace＂ needs to guide the ag- gregation of entrepreneurial elements and resource, to form an entrepreneurial ecosystem, and ＂Makerspace＂ should stable the internal system from three aspects of members, relations and institution, due to its characteristic of dissipative structure. The results will promote the development of ＂Makerspace＂ and entrepreneurial education practice in colleges and universities.