基于职业倦怠调查表研究眼视光医学教育体系下视光医师与眼科医师的职业倦怠状况及其相关因素

MBI-GS Scale Analysis of Occupational Burnout of Optometrists and Ophthalmologists and Related Factors

目的：基于职业倦怠调查表（MBI．GS量表）分析眼视光医学教育体系下视光医师与眼科医师的职业倦怠状况及其相关因素。方法：问卷调查研究。应用修订的MBI—GS量表对121名眼视光医师（53名视光医师，68名眼科医师）进行问卷调查，同时对这121名医师行相关因素满意度的问卷调查。采用独立样本t检验、卡方检验、Pearson相关分析、多元逐步线性回归进行数据分析。结果：121名眼视光医师没有明显的职业倦怠，其中，视光医师情绪衰竭分值为2．11±1．08、玩世不恭分值为1．84±1．41、成就感低落分值为1．71±1．23，眼科医师情绪衰竭分值为2．51±1．22、玩世不恭分值为1．85±1．20、成就感低落分值为1．86±1．19，其中两者的情绪衰竭方面差异有统计学意义（t=-2．043，P=0．040），同时，MBI-GS评分与各种满意度指标基本都存在着不同程度的相关（P〈0．05），同时视光医师的情绪衰竭主要与收入情况和健康情况有较密切的关系（F=10．373，P〈0．001），玩世不恭主要与家庭情况和人际情况有较密切的关系（F=11．768，P=0．0001），成就感低落主要与家庭情况有较密切的关系（F=6．967，P=0．011）；而眼科医师的情绪衰竭（F=20．943，P〈0．001），玩世不恭（F=I1．497，P=0．001）和成就感低落（F=16．303，P〈0．001）则主要与人际情况有较密切的关系。结论：眼视光行业本身压力和风险较低，医师没有明显的职业倦怠，其中眼科医师比视光医师更容易受人际情况因素的影响，而视光医师的职业倦怠更容易受健康情况和家庭情况的影响。

Objective： To analyze the status of occupational burnout of optometrists and ophthalmologists and related factors by using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey （MBI-GS） questionnaire. Methods： In the questionnaire survey research. A questionnaire survey of 121 optometrists （n=53） and ophthalmologists （n=68） was carried out with the revised MBI-GS questionnaire and the related-factors satisfaction questionnaire. Independent samples t-tests were used to compare measurement data, chisquare tests were used to compare counting data, and relationships between the relevant factors and job bumout were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. The influencing factors of job burnout wereanalyzed by multiple linear regression. Results： There was no significant burnout among the surveyed subjects, the optometrists＇ emotional exhaustion scores were 2.11±1.08, cynicism scores were 1.84±1.41, reduced personal accomplishment scores were 1.71±1.23. The ophthalmologists＇ emotional exhaustion scores were 2.51±1.22, cynicism scores were 1.85±1.20, reduced personal accomplishment scores were 1.86±1.19.There was a statistical difference inemotional exhaustionscores between the two groups （P=0.04）. And the MBI-GS scores were correlated with various satisfaction indicators （P〈0.05）. The emotional exhaustion of optometrists was related mainly to income and health （F=10.373, P〈0.001）, and their cynicism was related mainly to family and interpersonal situations （F=1 1.768, P〈0.001）, reduced personal accomplishment of optometrists was more closely related to family situations （F=6.967, P=0.011）. While the emotional exhaustion （F=20.943, P〈0.001）, the cynicism （F=11.497, P=-0.001）, the reduced personal accomplishment （F= 16.303, P〈0.001） of ophthalmologists were related mainly to interpersonal situations. Conclusions： Working as an optometrist or ophthalmologist is less susceptible to stress and risk, and the doctors had no obvious burnout. Ophthalmologists are more likely to be affected by interpersonal factors than optometrists, and occupational burnout of optometrists is more likely to be affected by health status and family situations.