论孙中山的知行观与陆王心学

On Sun Zhongshan's Knowing-Doing View and Lu-Wang's Mind Philosophy

以"知难行易"为基本命题的知行观是孙中山哲学思想的理论基石。孙中山的知行观蕴含相当丰富的思想资源,不仅涵括了他对知行范畴与知行关系的独特见解,还涵括了其对古代心学思想因素的承续和发挥。陆王心学与佛学和西方自然科学一并构成了近代哲学家思想的主要来源。就孙中山而言,陆王心学虽没有像西方自然科学那样成为其思想的主要来源,但在其思想中也占有一席之位。在对知行范畴与知行关系的论证和阐释中,孙中山的思想中暗含了陆九渊"道未有外乎其心者"和王守仁"心外无事""知是行之始,行是知之成""行是知的功夫"的思想因素,体现了其知行观中的某些观点与陆王心学的思想有些许的关联之处。所以,我们既要看到孙中山知行观中的西学思想背景,又要看到其中所蕴含的中学背景,既要看出孙中山思想中的西方元素,也要看到孙中山思想中与传统思想的契合维度。

The theory of knowing and doing is the theoretical foundation of Sun Zhongshan＇s philosophy.Sun Zhongshan＇s knowing-doing view contains rich ideological resources, which not only includes his unique views on the relationship between the category of knowing and doing, but also includes the continuity and development of ancient Mind Philosophy. Lu-Wang＇s Mind Philosophy, together with Buddhism and Western Natural Science, constitute the main source of modern philosophers＇ thoughts. Lu-Wang＇s Mind Philosophy has not become the main source of his thoughts, but occupies an important place in Sun Zhongshan＇s thought. Discussing the relationship between the category of knowing and doing, Sun Zhongshan＇s thought implies Lu Jiuyuan＇s＂no more out the mind＂and Wang Shouren＇s＂there is nothing outside the mind＂,＂knowing is the beginning of doing＂factors. These thought reflects the correlation between the knowing-doing view and Lu-Wang＇s Mind Philosophy a little. So, we should see the western ideological background of Sun Zhongshan＇s knowing-doing view, but also know Chinese traditional thought background, not only to see the Western elements in Sun Zhongshan＇s thought, but also to see the fit dimensions in Sun Zhongshan＇s thought and Chinese traditional thought.