肠道菌群通过脑肠轴影响肿瘤的发生发展

Influence of gut microbiota on the development of tumor via the gut-brain axis

正常情况下,人体肠道内菌群保持相对稳定的状态,共生菌、益生菌和病原菌的比例维持相对稳定。肠道菌群失调可改变肠道内的生理环境,还能通过各种途径引起人体肠外组织器官生理状态的改变,甚至影响肿瘤的发生发展。脑肠轴是其中一条通路,由免疫、代谢、神经内分泌和迷走神经等途径构成。本文旨在讨论肿瘤和肠道菌群之间的关系以及肠道菌群通过脑肠轴的4条途径改变机体的应激水平,从而影响肿瘤发生发展的相关机制,同时就肠道菌群调控在肿瘤治疗中的作用进行了探讨。

Under normal circumstances, the gut microbiota and the proportion of symbiotic bacteria, probiotics, and pathogens remain relatively stable, but dysbiosis in the gut can change not only the physiological environment of the intestine but also the physiological state of some distant tissues and organs. This condition can even lead to tumor development. Gut-brain axis is a pathway through which gut microbiota can influence tumor growth and is associated with other pathways, such as immune, metabolic, neuroendocrine, and vagal neural pathways. This paper reports the relationship between tumor growth and microbial groups in the gut and the mechanisms of gut dysbiosis inducing a chronic stress state via the gut–brain axis, which affects tumor development. This paper also presents the role of gut microbiota in tumor treatment.