从王阳明“精一之学”看其三教观的四个维度

Four Dimensions of Wang Yangming's View of the Three Teachings,from the Perspective of His “Pure and Complete Learning”

王阳明曾经一再地把自己成熟时期的思想学说称为"精一之学"。从王阳明的"精一之学"的视角看其三教观所呈现的异端之辨、是非之辨、内外之辨、人己之辨等四个相互关联的维度,具体展示了王学丰富深刻的思想内涵及其精神旨趣。进一步而言,它所体现出的强烈的文化主体性意识和本位意识,对文化的普遍性与个性及地方性的关系的思考,不但为王阳明自身解决了其以良知学范围三教、归宗于终极认同的"精一之学"这一至圣大全之学的合法性难题,而且也为从一般性的角度较好地处理不同思想文化传统之间的关系,特别是不同宗教传统之间的关系提供了值得吸取借鉴的重要思想资源。

Wang Yangming referred to the thought of his mature period as'pure and complete learning.'From the perspective of this'pure and complete learning,'the relationships among the Three Teachings present four interrelated dimensions,i.e.the debates concerning heterodoxy and orthodoxy,being and non-being,the inner and the outer,and people and the self.These four interrelated dimensions concretely demonstrate Wang’s rich and profound ideological implications and spiritual objectives.Furthermore,it embodies a strong cultural subjective consciousness and culture-based consciousness,as well as reflection on the relationships among cultural universality,individuality,and locality.This not only solves the problem of the legitimacy of Wang’s learning,which bounds the Three Teachings using his philosophy of innate knowing and returns to the ultimate recognition of'pure and complete learning,'but also provides vital resources for learning from how to deal with the relationships between different ideological cultural traditions from a general point of view,and especially relationships between different religious traditions.