晚唐五代诗格的“儒者”品格及其对比兴笺诗体系的拓变与近体诗学建构

The Confucian Character of Late Tang and Five Dynasties Poetry,Its Role in the Bixing Tradition,and Its Construction of Lüshi

晚唐五代诗格的大量出现是"儒者"主体意识与诗风极盛背景相结合之产物。与以科举为导向的经学教育相交织,诗成为孤寒沉沦之士修身立心之要途。作为诗歌创作形态的"苦吟"也因此被赋予了彰显儒者之心的深意,形成了风骚雅正的基本诗学思想。同时,又将以《毛诗正义》为核心的"比兴""讽刺"理论加以拓变,形成"物象比""内外意"等新批评概念,对晚唐诗的重立"意"以及隐喻化和象征性思维也有深刻影响。进而,又从"诗道"与"格调"两大层面提升了近体的诗学、诗史地位,其在唐诗学形成中的独特价值不容抹杀。

The appearance of the numerous poetry formats in the late Tang and Five Dynasties is the result of Confucian consciousness and the popularity of poetry as well. Poetry, interwoven with imperial examination-oriented education, becomes an important way to realize the Confucian scholars＇ self-cultivation. Therefore, the form of ＂industrious and bitter versification＂ reflects those Confucians＇ inner world. Meanwhile, the metaphorical satire embedded in Mao Shi Zheng Yi is developed into such new concepts as bixing or ＂image analogy and evocation＂, and ＂inner and outer meaning＂, which influences the valuation of ＂conception＂ and the metaphorical and imagistic thinking of late Tang poetry, and, as a result, promotes the status of Lashi, or metrical poetry both in essence and artistic style.