豇豆摘叶对产量与生理生化指标的影响

Effect of Removing Leaves of Cowpea on Yield,Physiological and Biochemical Indexes

为明确摘除叶片对豇豆植株的落花率、成荚率、产量及生理生化指标的影响效果,以鄂豇豆6号为试验材料,在植株不同的生育时期摘除不同程度的叶片,统计了豇豆植株的落花率、成荚率及产量的高低,研究了蕾、花和荚的丙二醛、可溶性糖、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶、纤维素酶等指标的变化情况。结果表明,在初花期摘除1/3的叶片,与未摘叶对照相比,落花率降低了14.95%,成荚率增加了10.01%,产量增加8.37%。在盛花期不同程度的摘叶处理,落花率均高于对照,其中,轻度的摘叶处理(1/4)将成荚率提高了40.11%,对应的产量提高了5.23%。落蕾、落花和落荚中的丙二醛含量、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性、纤维素酶活性与新鲜的蕾、花和幼荚相比都升高,可溶性糖含量均降低。故在生殖生长时期,摘除适量叶片,可以促进落花率的降低和产量的提高,同时,植株脱落材料的生理指标也发生相应的变化。

To identify the abscission rate,podding rate,yield,physiological and biochemical indexes,＂E Jiangdou 6＂was used to study the abscission rate,podding rate,and yield after removing leaves at different stages.Besides,malondialdehyde content,soluble su gar content,polygalacturonase,cellulose activity of fallen and fresh buds,flowers and pods were also measured.The results showed that for leaves removed 1/3 in the early flowering stage,flower abscission rate reduced by 14.95%,podding rate increased by 10.01%,and the yield increased by 8.37% compared with the control group.In full bloom stage different levels of leaf picking made flower abscission rate higher than control,and mild leaf picking processing（1/4） could increase pod rate by 40.11%,and its yield increased by 5.23%.Furthermore,malondialdehyde content,polygalacturonase activity and cellulase activity in the fallen buds,flowers and pods were higher than those in the fresh,and soluble sugar content was lower in fallen materials.Therefore,removing moderate leaves in reproductive period made abscission rate decrease and yield increase,meanwhile,physiological and biochemical indexes changed accordingly.