枯草芽孢杆菌等益生菌对白术白绢病的防治研究

Prevent and Control Southern Blight of Atractylides macrocephala by Adding Probiotic such as Bacillus subtilis

前期工作中发现蚕沙发酵肥能有效缓解白术的连作障碍,并从发酵肥中筛选到4株可能缓解白术连作障碍的益生菌。为进一步探讨蚕沙有机肥缓解杭白术连作障碍的微生物作用机制,从致病白术根际分离并培养白绢病致病菌齐整小核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii),利用平板对峙实验将枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、荧光性假单胞菌(Psdeuomnoda fluoerncnet)、类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus Ash)和黄杆菌(Flavobacterium mizutaii)4种菌与齐整小核菌进行拮抗,并通过盆栽实验验证。对峙实验结果表明,黄杆菌对齐整小核菌的抑菌率为43.6%;枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌率为67.6%;荧光性假单胞菌的抑菌率为52.5%,而类芽孢杆菌的抑菌率为12.4%其中枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌效果最为显著,说明黄杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和荧光性假单胞菌能够有效拮抗白绢病病菌,而类芽孢杆菌效果不佳。在致病白术土壤中添加这3种有效益生菌,也能够有效提高白术存活率,而且存活率随着益生菌浓度增加而增加,高浓度(2×108CFU/m L)枯草芽孢杆菌效果最明显,达到100%,另外2种益生菌均为80%。结论:从蚕沙发酵肥中筛选出的3种益生菌均能抑制白绢病病原菌的生长,且枯草芽孢杆菌的防治效果最好,可提高病株的存活率及改善病株生长,提示可以用于生物菌肥的开发。

In the previous work, three strains of probiotics which probably relieve replant disease of A. macrocephala have been screened from silkworm ferment fertilizer in our previous work. To explore its microecological mechanism, the antagonism against Sclerotium rolfsii for Bacillus subtilis, Psdeuomnoda fluoerncnet, Paenibacillus Ash and Flavobacterium mizutaii were studied by using plate confrontation and pot experiment. S. rolfsii which was isolated from the rhizosphere of A. macrocephala which infected southern blight disease, and then the pathogenicity was detected, three stains of probiotics by being added to healthy A. Macrocephala. The results of confrontation experiment showed that the inhibition rate of F. mizutaii was 43.6% ; the inhibition rate of B. subtilis was 67.6% ; the inhibition rate of P. Ash was 12. 4% and the inhibition rate of P. Fluoerncnet was 52.5%, which indicates that the inhibition of B. subtilis was most significant and the other two were effective. But the inhibition of P. Ash effects was different. In pot experiment, we chose B. subtilis, P. fluoerncnet and F. mizutaii which can increase the survival rate of southern blight A. Macrocephala and the survival rate increased with the concentration of probiotics. The survival rate of B. Subtilis which is most significant reached 100% and the other two both reached 80%. Conclusion：Three strains of probiotics which probably relieve replant disease of A. macrocephala have been screened from silkworm ferment fertilizer can inhibit Sclerotium rolfsii, improve the survival rate of disease A. Macrocephala and be used to develop bio - fertilizer, which shows that B. subtilis effect of preventing and treating southern blight of A. Macrocephala is most significant.