高粱田常用除草剂对高粱生理生化及产量品质的影响

Effects of Commonly Used Herbicides on Physiological,Biochemical and Yield Quality of Sorghum

为明确高粱田常用除草剂在有效防除杂草的同时对高粱的影响,研究高粱田3种常用除草剂不同剂量对高粱的生理生化及产量品质的影响。结果表明,施用3种高粱田常用除草剂50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂、56%二甲四氯钠粉剂和57%2,4-D丁酯乳油30d后,对高粱株高、茎粗及展开叶的影响程度依次为57%2,4-D丁酯乳油>56%二甲四氯钠粉剂>50%二氯喹啉酸可湿性粉剂,其中,低、中剂量除草剂对高粱株高、茎粗及展开叶有促进作用,高剂量除草剂则对高粱有抑制作用。3种除草剂均可使高粱的SPAD值、净光合速率降低,POD、SOD活性以及MDA含量升高,这种影响效应在药后5d最大,至20d时基本可以解除。除56%二甲四氯钠粉剂和57% 2,4-D丁酯乳油高剂量外,其余处理均提高高粱产量,但基本不影响高粱子粒的蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉及单宁含量,3种除草剂的最高安全剂量分别为750g/hm^2、1 800g/hm^2和1 050mL/hm^2。

The effect of different doses of three kinds of commonly used herbicides on sorghum physiological, biochemical and production quality were studied in this paper. The results showed that the ranking of influence of herbicides on plant height, stem diameter and expand leaves of sorghum was 57% 2,4-D butyl ester EC〉 56% methoxone DP〉 50% quinclorac WP 30 days after the application. Low and medium dose of herbicides promoted plant height, stem diameter and expand leaves of sorghum, but high dose of herbicides inhibited their growth. The effects on SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate decreased, POD, SOD enzyme activity and MDA content increased, with the maximum after application 5 days but it was basically relieved after application 20 days. In addition to high dose of 56% methoxone DP and 57% 2,4-D butyl ester EC, the rest of treatment increased sorghum yield, but did not affect the grain protein, fat, starch and tannin content. The highest security dose of three kinds of herbicides were 750g/hm2, 1 800g/hm2 and 1 050mL/hm2 respectively.