澳门青少年物质滥用健康教育效果分析

Effect of health education on substance abuse among adolescents in Macao, China

目的探索物质滥用教育对青少年物质滥用拒绝倾向和滥用行为的作用,为我国物质滥用预防教育评估提供参考。方法采用"澳门在学青少年与药物之跟进调查2010"代表性数据,从青少年对澳门各项物质滥用预防教育的评价、物质滥用拒绝倾向(即反对态度、危害认知和拒交物质滥用朋友)和物质滥用行为评估其物质滥用预防教育工作的成效。结果学生对社工教育资讯的评价高于其对大众和媒体教育(t值分别为32.02,2.95,P值均<0.01);社工教育能有效提高学生抗拒物质滥用(即反对态度、危害认知、拒交物质滥用朋友)的倾向(β值分别为0.06,0.11,0.03,P值均<0.01),预防其滥用物质(β值分别为-0.17,-0.06,-0.09,P值均<0.01);大众和媒体教育会促使学生滥用物质(β值分别为0.01,0.03,P值均<0.01);物质滥用拒绝倾向对物质滥用预防教育与青少年物质滥用行为的关系起中介影响(P<0.01)。结论青少年物质滥用预防教育的评估应从提高评价、物质滥用拒绝倾向和减少物质滥用行为出发,并着重考查其间接预防作用。

Objective To explore the effect of health education on substance abuse in adolescents of Macao and to provide basis for substance abuse prevention in China. Methods Based on the representative data collected by the Follow-up Survey of Adolescents in School and Drugs in 2010, effects of substance use prevention among Macao students were evaluated from anti-substance use propensity（ resistance, awareness of health risk and refusing to peers with substance use）, as well as substance use. Results Students rated higher of professional anti-drug social workers than these by publics and media in substance use prevention（ t= 32.02, 2.95, P〈0.01）. Significantly improvement on anti-substance use propensity（ β = 0.06, 0.11, 0.03, P〈0.01）, and significant decrease in substance use were found（ β =-0.17,-0.06,-0.09, P〈0.01） after substance use prevention by social workers.Substance use prevention committed by publics and media was significantly related to substance use among students（ β = 0. 01,0.03, P〈0.01）. Substance use propensity mediated the association of substance use prevention and substance use among students（ P〈0.01）. Conclusion Substance use prevention, decreased anti-substance use propensity, and decreased substance using behaviors should all be considered when evaluating and implementing substance prevention, as well as the indirect effects.