某高校大学生心理健康水平4年跟踪分析

Trajectory of mental health development among college students with higher baseline mental health symptoms

目的了解和掌握心理问题学生的心理健康状况和发展趋势,并分析是否存在群体异质性,为有效干预心理问题学生提供实证支持。方法以某理工科为主的综合大学2011级6 103名学生为总样本,采用《中国大学生心理健康量表(Chinsese college students mental health scale,CCSMHS)》筛选出症状较明显的学生764名作为研究对象。2011—2014年连续4年跟踪分析,每年10月采集数据。使用增长混合模型的方法进行评价分析。结果 764名心理问题学生从大一到大四,在描述性统计的12个因子上得分均呈下降趋势。根据模型数据分析,可将心理问题学生心理健康水平发展趋势分为3类:第1类在4次的测评中得分逐渐降低,但降低程度略低于第3类,命名为缓慢降低型,该类占95.16%;第2类在4次测评中的得分先升后降,命名为先增后降型,该类占1.70%;第3类在4次测评的得分逐渐降势,且程度较其他2类更为明显,命名为快速降低型,该类占3.14%。结论心理问题学生的心理健康水平随着年级增长而逐年提高,不同的个体呈现出各自的特点。应坚持预防为主的原则,了解学生心理状况做好区分工作,在不同的关键节点开展心理帮扶。

Objective To understand the development of mental health status among college students with psychological problems. Methods All the 6 103 college freshmen from a comprehensive university were investigated with Chinese College Student Mental Health Scale. A total of 764 students who had higher mental health symptoms were followed up for 4 years. Developmental trajectory of mental health was analyzed in growth mixed model. Results During the 4-year follow-up, mental health scale scores decreased. Three classes of trajectories in mental health development among those 764 college were identified, namely gradually decreasing group（ 95.16%）, decreasing after increasing group（ 1.70%） and rapid decreasing group（ 3.14%）. Conclusion The overall mental health among college students with baseline mental health symptoms shows improvement during the 4 year follow-up,three developmental trajectories are identified according to the decreasing characteristics.