乌鲁木齐市1985—2014年汉族中小学生速度与耐力素质指标动态分析

Dynamic analysis of speed and endurance among Urumqi primary and secondary school students during the past 30 years

目的分析1985—2014年间乌鲁木齐市汉族中学生体质变化趋势,为制定学生体质改善政策提供理论依据。方法采用1985—2014年全国体质健康调研数据,对乌鲁木齐市7~18岁汉族中小学生速度和耐力素质指标进行比较。结果近30年间乌鲁木齐市中小学生50 m跑水平整体下滑,其中男生成绩下降0.1 s(P<0.05);耐力素质方面男生和女生也呈现不断下降的趋势。城市学生速度素质明显下滑,城乡学生的速度素质间差距不断缩小,但城市学生成绩仍好于乡村。1985—2014年间,乌鲁木齐市男生和女生的耐力跑成绩连续下降,其中男生下降幅度较大,共下降42.03 s;城市和农村13~18岁中学生的耐力跑成绩在1985—2010年呈下降趋势,其中男生成绩下降47 s,女生下降40 s,城市中学生2010—2014年耐力素质有所回升,其中男生上升6.9 s,女生上升19.2 s,而乡村中学生的耐力素质仍在下降。结论1985—2014年乌鲁木齐市学生速度素质男生下降明显,男女生的耐力素质不断下降,其中以乡村学生下降速度尤为突出。应切实认识到学生耐力素质不断下降的原因,采取有效措施提高乌鲁木齐市中小学生体质水平。

Objective To analyze dynamic changes in speed and endurance among Urumqi Han students during 1985-2014. Methods Data came from National Survey of Student Health and Physical Fitness in Urumqi during 1985-2014. Indices of speed and endurance among primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 years were analyzed. Results During the past 30 years, 50 m dash performance has decreased significantly from 1985 to 1995 years, most obvious among boys with 0.1 s reduction（ P〈spite of significant reduction during 1985-2014 compared to rural students. Endurance running performance among students aged 10-12 years showed a consistent downward trend among both boys and girls, most notable among boys with 42.03 s reduction; For students aged 13-18 years, the same decreasing trend in urban and rural areas was noticed, however, the reduction has ceased during 2005-2010, but continued falling in 2010-2014 among urban students. Conclusion Speed and endurance performance among Urumqi students has decreased during the past 30 years, most notable in rural areas and boys. There is a great need for further investigation on causes of the decline in endurance performance and developing corresponding effective intervention for Urumqi students.