急进高原后人外周血红细胞形态变化的研究

Study on the changes of human peripheral erythrocyte morphology in healthy crowd after rapidly ascended to plateau

目的探讨高原环境下人体外周血红细胞形态与高原反应的关系,为高原反应的预防和治疗提供实验依据。方法设急进高原组:世居海拔约500 m平原地区的受试者25名,分别于其急进高原前后采集外周血血样各5m L/(人)份;久居高原组:受试者14名,居住在海拔约3 600 m地区>10年,包括世居高原的藏族人7名、居住高原10-15年的汉族人7名,采集其外周血血样5 m L/(人)份;调查2组的高原反应发生情况,扫描电镜观察2组受试者红细胞形态,统计分析2组受试者不同形态红细胞数量。结果在海拔约3 200及3 600 m高原地区,急进高原组均出现不同程度的高原反应,久居高原组则无高原反应情况发生。正常形态的外周血红细胞数量(个/份):急进高原组急进高原前后分别为471.43±1.35(海拔约500 m)、263.31±6.16(海拔约3 200 m)、256.29±13.03(海拔约3 600m)(P<0.01),且畸形红细胞数量明显增加;久居高原组为368.57±11.26,明显高于急进高原组(P<0.01),且畸形红细胞数量明显低于急进高原组。久居高原组中藏族和汉族人群的正常形态的外周血红细胞数量相近(P>0.05)。结论正常健康成年人急进高原后,外周血红细胞的畸形化改变可能是高原反应发生的机理之一。

Objective To explore the relationship between human erythrocyte morphology and altitude sickness in plat- eau environment, and to provide some reference for the prevention and treatment of altitude sickness. Methods The experi- mental subjects were divided into the group whose living in plain（ about 500 m in elevation）rapidly ascended to plateau（ experimental group） and the group whose residing on plateau（ about 3 600 m in elevation） for a long time（ incl. 7 Tibetans liv- ing on plateau for generations,7 Han people living on plateau for 10-15 years） （control group）. There were 25 subjects in the experimental group, and 14 ones in the control group. 5 mL of peripheral blood was collected before and after the rapidly ascended to plateau from each subject in the experimental group each time, and from each one in the control group. The inci- dences of altitude sickness were investigated, the erythrocyte morphology were observed by scanning electron microscopy （ SEM）, and 500 erythrocytes were counted in each sample ; the number of different morphology erythrocyte of the 500 eryth- rocytes were analyzed statistically. Results All subjects in the experimental group developed altitude sickness with varying degrees after rapidly ascended to 3 200 m and 3 600 m; There were no altitude sickness in the control group. The number of normal-shaped erythrocytes of the experimental group was 471.43±1.35 （about 500 m）, 263.31 ± 6. 16 （about 3 200 m） and 256. 29±13.03 （about 3 600 m） （P〈0. 01）, and the abnormal erythrocytes increased. The number of normal erythro- cytes of the control group was 368.57 ± 11.26, which was significantly higher than the experimental group（ P〈0. 01 ）, while the abnormal erythrocytes was significantly lower than the experimental group too. There was no significant difference in the number of normal-shaped erythrocytes between the Tibetans and Han people in the control group （P〉0. 05）.