莫以成败论英雄——兖州之战曹操“据东平”语辨析

Do Not Judge Heroes by Their Success or Failure:Discrimination of Cao Cao's words “occupy Dongping state” in the battle of Yanzhou

兖州之战是汉末兴平年间曹操与吕布为争夺兖州而发生的一场战役,曹操回军之际曾有"(吕)布一旦得一州,不能据东平,断亢父、泰山之道乘险要我,而乃屯濮阳,吾知其无能为也"之语,后人多据此认为吕布败在缺少战略眼光。然而,彼时曹军尚有三城,刚归附吕布的郡县也不排除再度倒戈的可能性,加之宿敌袁绍一直对兖州虎视眈眈,曹操所云之计太过冒险。何况,之后吕布在与曹操的前期对战中略占上风的事实也证明当初防御濮阳的策略是合乎兵法且明智的。至于最后的失利乃是由多种原因造成,不能简单归于吕布无谋。曹操此语旨在安抚军心,"据东平"对当时的吕布而言并非最佳选择。

The battle of Yanzhou was a very important war between Lv Bu and Cao Cao,which influenced the situation of the late Eastern Han dynasty. Cao Cao had said ＂（Lv） Bu wins a state in a state, but still he did not occupy Dongping state and cut off the passage way between Taishan mountain and Kangfu so as to intercept us but settled in Puyang, from which I can tell he was not capable enough.＂ According to this, people claim that Lv Bu lost states for lacking strategic vision. However, the army of Cao Cao had three states, and the counties which have just surrendered still had the possibility of be enemies and defections. Besides, Yuan Shao always had his eyes on Yanzhou, Cao Cao＇s plans was too dangerous to carry out. Besides, after Lv Bu and Cao Cao in the early stage of the war slightly the upper hand had also proved Puyang defense strategy is a wise one. As for the final defeat, it was caused by a variety of reasons, not only for Lv Bu＇s out of plan. The reason for Cao Cao＇s saying ＂Lv Bu＇s not occupy Dongping state＂ was to ease the army, but not for the truth.