近代铁路运营效益变化与社会因素——以平汉、津浦和陇海三路为考察中心(1906—1937)

Railway Operation Efficiency and Social Factors in Modern China: A Case Study of Peking-Han Kow, Tien Tsin-Pukou and Long Hai Railways

通过对1906—1937年平汉、津浦和陇海三路客货运量、营业收支与盈余等运营效益数据及其折线示意图分析,发现这一时期三路的经营效益均经历了从"稳步上升""急剧下跌"至"缓慢反弹"的变化阶段,时间上也几乎完全一致。其中,1925—1930年是三路运营效益的"急剧下跌"阶段,恰是近代中国军阀混战尤为频繁和猛烈的时期。这表明,近代我国铁路运营效益很大程度上受制于路外的社会因素影响。

Based on Peking-Han Kow,Tien Tsin-Pukou and Long Hai railways＇ operation efficiency data and line diagram between 1906—1937,the three railways＇ operation efficiency had been experienced three stages, i.e., ＂steady rise＂, ＂sharp decline＂, and ＂slow rebound＂, in the same period of time. During this period, 1925—1930 was the ＂sharp decline＂ phase of the operation efficiency of the three railways, which is also a period of frequent and violent chaos in Modern China. The research shows that railway operation efficiency, to large extent, was restricted by social factor rather than railway administration＇s own problems.