地铁“T”形换乘车站通道火灾通风模式数值模拟研究

Numerical simulation study on ventilation mode in case of corridor fire in T-shape transfer metro station

为研究地铁"T"形换乘车站通道火灾时站厅不同防烟分区通风系统联动模式的烟气控制效果,采用火灾动力学软件FDS构建了换乘通道内乘客行李火灾场景,对起火通道、两侧站厅通风系统和防火门不同联动模式下的顶棚烟气温度、人眼高度及危险高度的CO浓度和能见度进行计算模拟。结果表明:关闭起火通道防火门能够将烟气控制在局部区域,但会加快通道内CO浓度上升和能见度下降的速度;各防烟分区通风系统均执行排烟动作虽然会导致烟气向两侧站厅蔓延,但危险高度的能见度始终在安全逃生的最低限值以上;烟气扩散至补风防烟分区时,新鲜空气与烟气的掺混将加快烟气沉降速度,不利于人员疏散和应急救援。

To investigate the smoke control effect when using the co-work mode of ventilation system in different smoke control zones in the hall of T-shape transfer metro station in case of corridor fire,the scenarios of passengers＇ luggage fire in the transfer corridor were built by using the fire dynamics software FDS,and the smoke temperature beneath ceiling,CO concentration and invisibility at the eye level and dangerous height under different co-work modes of ventilation system and fire-proof door in the fire corridor and the station hall on both sides were simulated. The results showed that closing the fire-proof door of the fire corridor could control the smoke in local area,but would fasten the increasing speed of CO concentration and decreasing speed of invisibility in the corridor. When the ventilation system of each smoke control zone executed the smoke exhaust action,the smoke would spread to the station hall on both sides,but the visibility at the dangerous height was always higher than the lowest limit value that permits safe escape. When the smoke diffused to the air supplement smoke control zone,the mixing of fresh air and smoke would fasten the descending speed of smoke,which is bad for the personnel evacuation and emergency rescue.