ICU多重耐药菌综合防控指引的制定及临床应用

Formulation and clinical application of integrated prevention and control guide for multidrug-resistant organism in ICU

目的 建立ICU多重耐药菌（MDRO）综合防控指引,指导护理人员加强对MDRO的预防控制,比较指引实施前后防控措施落实率及MDRO发现率.方法 通过检索文献,访谈ICU医护人员及查阅相关病例资料等方法,分析并归纳多重耐药菌防控管理中存在的主要问题.依据MDRO专家共识、嘉兴市第二医院MDRO医院感染管理制度及临床实践需求制订防控指引.2015年7月—2016年6月,通过开展循证培训、建立防控流程、进行质量控制等推行防控指引.采用目的抽样法,将2014年7月—2016年6月嘉兴市第二医院所有ICU患者分为防控指引实施前（622例）、后（604例）两组,调查两组多重耐药菌的发现情况.分别在两组中选取患者380例次和375例次,评价其防控措施落实情况.结果 MDRO防控指引实施后,MDRO防控措施落实率（90.40%）较实施前（70.00%）显著提高,且MDRO的发现率（8.77%）较实施前（16.08%）明显降低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 MDRO防控指引的应用可有效降低ICU多重耐药菌的发现率,使MDRO防控工作更科学化、规范化、系统化,对危重患者MDRO的预防控制有较好的临床指导作用.

Objective To establish the integrated prevention and control guide for multidrug-resistant organism （MDRO）, guide nursing staff to strengthen prevention and control for MDRO and to compare the rate of implementation in preventive and control measures along with the discovery rate of MDRO before and after implementing guide.Methods The main problems of prevention and control management for MDRO were analyzed and induced with the methods of literature search, interviews with medical staff in ICU, referring to relevent clinical data and so on. The prevention and control guide was formulated according to expert consensus on MDRO, hospital infection management system of MDRO, clinical practice demand and so on. The prevention and control guide was implemented involving carrying out evidence-base training, building up prevention and control process, quality control and so on from July 2015 to June 2016. All patients of ICU in the Second Hospital of Jiaxing between July 2014 and June 2016 were divided into two groups before （n=622） and after （n=604） implementing prevention and control guide by purposive sampling. The discovery situation of MDRO was investigated. Besides, the implementation situation of preventive and control measures was evaluated by selecting 380 patients and 375 patients from two groups separately.Results After implementing prevention and control guide for MDRO, the rate of implementation in preventive and control measures （90.40%） significantly improved compared to that before implementation （70.00%） along with the discovery rate of MDRO （8.77%） decreased compared to that before implementation （16.08%） with significant differences （P〈0.05）. Conclusions The application of prevention and control guide for MDRO can effectively decrease the discovery rate of MDRO in ICU, make prevention and control work of MDRO more scientific, standardized, systematized and have a good clinical guidance role for prevention and control for MDRO of critical patients.