关于南宋斥堠铺、摆铺的几个问题

Several Problems about Chihou Station and Bai Station in the Southern Song Dynasty

关于南宋摆铺的创置时间 ,史籍有多种记载 ,学界亦存不同说法 ,而种种史料表明 ,应以绍兴四年为宜。斥堠铺和摆铺设立后 ,都有所演变 ,斥堠铺内从役人员由弓手、保甲改为军卒 ,其性质亦由临时变为常设。摆铺初设时 ,由枢密院主持 ,地方帅臣和行政长官具体兴办 ,后来则归三衙和诸军负责。斥堠铺、摆铺和省铺在设置状况上有所区别 ,职能上亦有分工 ,但因管理混乱 ,使文书传递屡出症结。另外 ,南宋新置斥堠铺和摆铺还导致了部分地区省铺系统的衰废 。

Regarding the originating of the Bai station in the Sothern Song Dynasty, there are various historical records and different arguments in the academic community. However, wide varieties of historical materials show that it is the year 1134 when the Bai station was started. Both the Chihou station and the Bai station underwent some change after their establishment. The Chihou stations became a permanent setup from a provisional one, with soldiers replacing gongshou(archers)and baojia(self defenders). In its early stages the Bai station was under the charge of the Privy Council and in the care of local military commissioners and administrators, and later its management was taken over by the Three Ya's(Three Commands) and armies on the frontline. There were differences in the establishments and functions of the Chihou station, Bai station and Sheng station. The poor management gave rise to constant trouble in the transmission of official dispatches. In addition, the newly established Chihou stations and Bai stations under the Southern Song Dynasty led to the partial decline of the Sheng station system, which actually did damage to the good order of post institution established in the Northern Song Dynasty.