西方大学史上的“学派”现象:变迁、特征与现实观照

On the "School" Phenomenon in the History of Western Universities:Changes,Features and Reality

19世纪初,随着科研职能在西方大学的确立,以李比希学派为代表的一批学派在大学里开始产生。19世纪后期到20世纪前期,大学学派开始从最初的自然科学领域向人文社会科学领域延伸。二战结束以来,在大学科研活动日益密集化、专业化的趋势下,大学学派在各学术领域的活动更趋活跃,成为推动所在大学相关学科发展的重要力量。作为依托大学而产生的特殊的学术共同体,大学学派在核心人物与学术团队、学术活动等方面呈现出高度内聚性。我国大学在推动"一流学科"建设过程中,应着力引入"学派意识",培育学术核心人物的综合领导力,构筑以学术认同为基础的学术团队,以此孕育出更多具有中国气度的大学学派。

At the beginning of the 19th century, with the establishment of the scientific research function in western universities, a group of schools, for example Liebig school, started to appear. From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, schools in universities stretched from the fields of natural science to those of humanities and social science. Since the end of World War 11 , under the trend that scientific research in universities has been increasingly intensified and specialized, schools in universities have been more and more active in various academic fields and have become important force to promote the development of relevant disciplines in their universities. As a special academic community which depends on their universities, schools reflect highly cohesiveness in many aspects, such as core leaders, academic groups and academic activities. In the construction of first-class subjects in China＇s universities, we should refer to schools in the history of western universities, introduce the ＂schools consciousness＂, cultivate the comprehensive leadership of core academic leaders, and construct academic teams based university schools with Chinese characteristics. on academic identity. Only in this way,＇ can we breed more