警察日志中的伏尔泰与启蒙运动

Voltaire and the Enlightenment in the Police's Journal

在启蒙运动盛期,伏尔泰是负责监管图书贸易的警察戴梅里的重点监控对象,在其工作日志中伏尔泰的名字曾频频出现。在《戴梅里日志》中,由反启蒙喉舌《文学年代》主编弗雷隆提供的逸闻,将伏尔泰刻画成道德败坏、狂妄自负的无耻之徒。而与之不同的是,戴梅里尽管将伏尔泰视作一个"坏臣民",但总体上对他持开明温和的态度,并对其才智表现出一定的欣赏和尊重。《戴梅里日志》记录的书目还进一步揭示,戴梅里尽管注意到了几乎所有的启蒙哲人及其作品以及围绕他们发生的思想冲突,但却没有察觉到"启蒙运动"。反而是以弗雷隆为代表的反启蒙势力将启蒙哲人们视作一个浑然一体的群体,构想出"启蒙运动"这股思想潮流并与之激烈论战。戴梅里与以弗雷隆为代表的反启蒙势力之间的这种差异,揭示出启蒙运动、反启蒙运动与权力当局之间的复杂关系。

At the height of the Enlightenment in France,Voltaire was the main object of surveillance by Joseph d’Hémery,a police officer who was in charge of the inspection on the book trade.In d’Hémery’s journal,Voltaire was frequently mentioned.The anecdotes appearing in the journal,which were provided by Fréron,editor-in-chief of the anti-philosophique mouthpiece L’Année littéraire,depicted Voltaire as impudent,dishonorable,and conceited.On the contrary,d’Hémery mainly appreciated and respected Voltaire’s talent with open-minded and moderate attitude,although he regarded Voltaire as'mauvais sujet'.The suspicious books recorded in his journal further revealed that d’Hémery observed almost all the philosophes,their works and the related conflicts of their ideas,but did not recognize the Enlightenment.It was the anti-philosophes,such as Fréron,who considered the philosophes a monolithic group and fiercely debated with the'Enlightenment',a movement of ideas which was conceived by themselves.The difference between d’Hémery and the anti-philosophes indicates the complicated relationship among the Enlightenment,the Counter-Enlightenment and the contemporary authorities.