我国四城市部分职业人群慢性病患病及其公平性分析

Analysis of chronic disease prevalence and its equity among working population in four Cities,China

目的了解我国城市职业人群的慢性病患病状况及影响因素,并评价不同社会经济地位(socioeconomic status,SES)职工的慢性病患病公平性。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,在北京、厦门、泉州和呼和浩特4个城市共5类工作场所中抽取3 553名职工进行问卷调查。结果调查对象的慢性病总体患病率为14.8%(男性16.7%,女性12.5%)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄越大,慢性病患病风险越高(均有P<0.05);本科/大专及以上文化程度(OR=2.020,95%CI:1.567~2.605)、高职业紧张(OR=1.328,95%CI:1.091~1.617)、超重/肥胖(OR=1.530,95%CI:1.249~1.875)、吸烟(OR=1.436,95%CI:1.148~1.798)和饮酒(OR=1.976,95%CI:1.409~2.771)是慢性病患病的危险因素,而外地户籍(OR=0.756,95%CI:0.604~0.945)为保护因素。按性别分层分析,不同SES职工的慢性病患病率差异均有统计学意义(均有P<0.05),慢性病患病集中指数均为正值,且收入集中指数最高。结论研究人群慢性病患病率相对较低,慢性病患病与年龄、文化程度、职业紧张和生活方式相关,且不同SES的职工患病状况存在不公平性。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of chronic disease and its influencing factors among employees in urban China and to evaluate the health equity among employees with different socioeconomic status （SES）.Methods A total of 3 553 employees were selected from 5 types of workplaces in Beijing,Xiamen,Quanzhou and Hohhot using stratified cluster sampling and investigated by questionnaire.Results The total prevalence rate of chronic disease among participants was 14.8% （16.7% in men and 12.5% in women）.The Logistic regression analysis indicated that advancing age （all P 〈 0.05）,college and above education （OR =2.020,95% CI：1.567-2.605）,high occupational stress （OR =1.328,95% CI：1.091-1.617）,overweight or obesity （OR =1.530,95% CI：1.249-1.875）,smoking （OR =1.436,95% CI：1.148-1.798） and drinking （OR =1.976,95% CI：1.409-2.771） were risk factors for chronic disease,whereas nonlocal census register was the protective factor （OR =0.756,95% CI：0.604-0.945）.Stratified by gender,there was a significant difference in the prevalence of chronic diseases among employees with different SES （all P 〈 0.05）,and concentration indexes of chronic diseases were all positive value and highest in income.Conclusions The prevalence rate of chronic disease was relatively low and associated with age,education,occupational stress and lifestyles.Health inequity among the employees with different SES was measured.