黄石市社区老年人轻度认知功能障碍的现况调查

A cross-sectional study on mild cognitive impairment among the elderly in communities of Huangshi City

目的了解黄石市社区老年人轻度认知功能障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)的患病情况及其影响因素,为MCI的早期防控提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法,对黄石市社区60岁及以上老年人进行问卷调查,同时采用长沙版蒙特利尔量表(montreal cognitive assessment,Mo CA)及日常生活能力量表(activities of daily living,ADL)进行认知功能评定。结果黄石市社区1 000名老人中,MCI的患病率为29.6%。单因素分析结果显示:文化程度、职业状态、经济收入、慢性疾病、脑卒中、饮酒、饮茶、体育锻炼、兴趣爱好及邻居来往对老年人MCI的患病率均有影响(均有P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:饮茶及体育锻炼为MCI的保护因素,低文化程度、脑卒中及吸烟为危险因素(均有P<0.05)。结论黄石市MCI患病率较高。低文化程度、脑卒中、吸烟可能会增加患MCI的风险,低文化程度、脑卒中人群可能是MCI的高危人群,应进行重点关注,同时应加强控烟宣传,引导老年人适量饮茶,积极参加适当的体育锻炼。

Objective This study aims at investigating the prevalence,distribution and related risk factors of mild cognitive impairment （MCI） among elderly residents in community of Huangshi City,and providing the scientific basis for MCI prevention and management.Methods The multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used to select the elderly residents （aged 60 years or above） in Huangshi City for prevalence survey.Meanwhile,the cognitive function of elderly were evaluated by montreal cognitive assessment （MoCA） Changsha version and activities of daily living （ADL）.Results A total of 1 000 valid questionnaire were obtained.Among them,296 （29.6%） wcrc diagnosed with MCI.The prevalence of MCI was significantly different among the subjects with different education levels,occupations,income,chronic diseases,stroke,alcohol consumption,drinking tea,interests or hobbies,physical exercise and neighbors （all P 〈 0.05）.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking,physical exercise,drinking tea,education levels and stroke were related to MCI.Among them,drinking tea and physical exercise were protective factors,others were risk factors （all P 〈 0.05）.Conclusions The prevalence of MCI in the elderly in Huangshi City was higher than average.Drinking tea and physical exercise may reduce the incidence of MCI.The elderly with lower education level,smoking habit,and history of stroke are at high risk of developing MCI,as they will be the focus of MCI prevention.Moreover,suggestions should be put forward to guild elderly reduce smoking,increase tea drinking and take more physical exercise.