德才性情之辨——兼论道情产生的思想渊源

Discussions about Morality,Ability,Nature and Emotion And also on the Origin of Dao Qing

汉晋之间的社会变迁,引发了思想领域的重大变化。汉魏之际的德才之争,由崇尚名节道德转而趋向于唯才是举;曹魏时的才性之论,将德才之争深入为人性论基础上的本末体用之辨,指出因人性之不同,故而人之才也各不相同,不能为善之才并不值得推崇;魏晋以后则是性情之辨,性禀自然,情则感物而生,圣人有情而能运之使合于自然之理,自非下愚,人皆有喜怒哀乐之情,此乃自然而然。德、才、性、情思想之论辩,在实践层面表现为魏晋以来人们普遍推崇率性任情。"重情"之风又因玄学、佛道两教之力,渐而发展为对于"道情"的推崇,这种与俗世凡情相对的"道情",正是宋元以后逐渐形成的作为民间说唱艺术的"道情"的最初形态。

There appeared different topics between the late Han dynasty and the Jin dynasty, such as the dispute of which was better between morality and ability, ability and nature, nature and emotion. As the outcome of the debate, metaphysics, Buddhists or Taoists had broken through the fetter of morality, recognized the good and evil of human nature, and finally paid attention to people＇ s emotions. Affected by this trend of thought, people mostly valued the true display of personal emotion. In turn, it promoted the esteem of Tao Emotion which was considered to be a kind of understanding beyond the mundane. After the Song and Yuan dynasties, the Taoism used popular stories to preach Taoist philosophy, which led to the origin of a local opera named Daoqing, which is still active in northern Shaanxi as one of the famous folk customs.