延安时期陕甘宁边区人口分布变动模拟

Simulation of Change Process of Population Distribution in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region in Yan'an Period

延安时期陕甘宁边区人口迁移总量较大,已有研究对迁移原因、流向和类型进行分析,但鲜见对人口迁移过程的空间模拟和推断。采用历史文献比较、考证和信息可视化方法,发现并校正了历史数据错漏,绘制陕甘宁边区人口密度分布图,直观展示关中分区和延属分区人口逐渐增长进而赶超绥德分区的人口分布变动过程,发现"政策异质性"吸引人口迁入陕甘宁边区,而边区政府主动引导人口优化分布帮助其实现了人口有序安置并提高了生产力。

During Yan＇an period （1935 -1948 ）, Nearly 300 thousand immigrations were received in Shaanxi - Gansu -Ningxia Border Region, accounts for about 20% of the total population in the Border Region, which had se- riously challenged the governance of Border Region, including economy, culture and society. Existing researches have collated and analyzed the reasons, direction and types of population migration in the Border Region, but almost none of them try to simulate the details of special process of migration. The authors try to check and correct the problems of the historical dates by comparing and analyzing methods, and to draw the population density maps of the Shaanxi - Gansu - Ningxia Border Region by visualization method. As it shows in the maps, the population density of Guanzhong partition and Yanshu partition gradually increased and catched up with the population density of Suide partition during the process of population redistribution. And we found that the ＂heterogeneity of policy＂ and the war promoted the population migrate to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region from surrounding areas. By opti- mizing the population distribution, the government of Border Region had achieved the orderly resettlements and de- veloped the productivity successfully.