“绝望”与“悲悯”——论安德列耶夫与鲁迅对“沉默”的书写

"Despair" and "compassion" ——On the writing of "silence" by Andreyev and Lu Xun

鲁迅的小说《狂人日记》《药》和《明天》延续了安德列耶夫的作品《谩》和《默》中"沉默"的主题和悲观的情绪,但却表露出犹疑不决的一面。从叙事结构上比较两者的作品,可以发现《默》《药》和《明天》都在"沉默"的叙事下表现了"亲情"和"死亡"的主题。在《默》中,安德列耶夫把死亡放在了人的精神层面去考量,亲情不仅没能抵御死亡,反而因死亡而崩溃。但在《药》和《明天》里,鲁迅却对死亡阴影下温暖坚固的亲情进行了赞美和抒情,表现了他悲天悯人的情怀,而这正是鲁迅面对"沉默"犹疑的原因。

In Lu Xung novel Diary of a Madman, Medicine and Tomorrow, although Lu Xun continued Andreyev＇s despair of ＂silence＂ in his two short stories Lies and Silence, it exposed Lu Xun- hesitant attitude. By comparison, Silence, Medicine and Tomorrow all expressed the theme of ＂family affection and death＂ in the narration of ＂silence＂. In Silence, Andreyev considered death in the spiritual level, family affection could not resist death, and was destroyed by death. But in Medicine and Tomorrow, Lu Xun praised the warm and strong affection under the shadow of death, and expressed his compassionate care, and this is the reason why Lu Xun shouted loudly.