东北粮食主产区农户主导型农村土地流转价格影响因素

Influence factors on price of farmland transfer organized by farmers in main grain-producing region of northeast China

分析各因素对农村土地流转价格的影响方向与作用强度可为确定土地承包经营权流转价格提供依据。该文以黑龙江省农村固定观察点14个村的转入方农户为样本,采用相关性分析和多元线性回归方法分别确定单因素与多因素对流转价格的影响,并对比分析各因素对高于均价组和低于均价组中流转价格的影响差异。结果表明:1)单因素对流转价格的影响分析中,耕地粮食产量对流转价格产生显著正向影响,是影响流转价格最重要的因素;2)多因素对流转价格的影响分析中,耕地粮食产量、村域经济发达程度、县域交通通达性、户主年龄对流转价格产生显著正向影响,县域人均GDP、与市中心距离对流转价格产生显著负向影响;3)对比各因素对高于均价组和低于均价组的影响,发现交通通达性、与市中心距离对高于均价组流转价格的影响方向与总样本一致,这些因素对低于均价组流转价格的影响方向与总样本相反。需明确耕地信息、了解地区经济与交通情况,为确定土地流转价格、完善农村土地流转市场创造条件。

Farmland transfer can help to realize the moderate scale operation of China＇s agriculture, and it is also an important way to liberate surplus labor force in rural areas and to accelerate the process of urbanization. Under the guidance of recent policies, the scale of China＇s contracted rural land management rights has continued to expand in these years, the number of farmers involved has kept increasing, and spontaneous land transfer among farmers is in dominant position. However, there are still a lot of problems. The regional land transfer is still lack of scientific and reasonable price standards, resulting in unreasonable transfer prices, impeding further development of land transfer, and doing harm to the interests of farmers. The study of influencing factors of farmland transfer price can provide scientific basis for determining the reasonable transfer price. This paper took Heilongjiang Province, a main grain producing area in China＇s northeastern part, as an example, filtered 1 000 micro-survey questionnaires of survey sites from 14 villages in the year of 2014, and then chose 142 effective questionnaires. Using the correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis method, the influencing factors of transfer price and the direction of each factor were studied. These survey sites covered all main geographic and economic regions across Heilongjiang Province and the representativeness of the sample could thus be fully guaranteed. The main 3 factors, cultivated land characteristics, regional characteristics and household characteristics, were selected in 13 indices to analyze their impact on the transfer price. The results indicated that the grain yield of cultivated land had a significant positive effect on the transfer price, and it was the most important influencing factor of the transfer price. The degree of fragmentation of cultivated land did not significantly affect land transfer prices. In addition, the conclusion was also included that the degree of rural economic development, county traffic accessibility, the age of householders also had a significant positive impact on transfer price, while the county per capita GDP（gross domestic product） and the distance from the city center had a significant negative impact. During the research, if all sample farmers are considered as an entire part, the specific features of some farmers will be ignored. So, farmers were divided into 2 groups, the price of one group was higher than the average price, and the price of the other was lower than the average price. Two groups of samples were analyzed by multiple regression analysis and compared with the whole sample; the effects of traffic accessibility and the distance from the city center on the group with the price higher than the average price were consistent with the whole sample, while that on the group with the price lower than the average price were opposite to the whole sample. Therefore, information of cultivated land should be clarified, and regional economy and traffic should be developed, in order to create better conditions for establishing scientific reasonable transfer price and perfecting the farmland transfer market.