我国夫妻财产约定的性质及其效果

On the Nature and Effect of Chinese Marital Agreement on Property

我国《婚姻法》第19条第1款规定夫妻财产约定在本质上属于财产行为,而不是身份行为。这种财产约定因《婚姻法》之规定在物权变动上属于《物权法》中物权变动原则规定之外的特别规定,从而能够直接发生变动物权的效力,无须另行根据《物权法》之相关规定进行交付或者办理变更登记手续。夫妻财产约定中稍有不同的是夫妻一方把属于自己婚前的财产约定为属于对方所有之情形,在解释论上,这种约定可发生赠与之效果,财产归受赠人单独所有,区别于它种情形之下的夫妻婚后获赠财产。在法律上完全可适用《合同法》关于赠与合同之规定。根据夫妻财产约定发生的物权变动因缺少公示之方法,一般不具对抗第三人之效力。

On the nature, the marital agreement on property provided by section 1 of article 19 of Marriage Law of the People＇ s Re- public of China is property action, but not status action. The agreement can make real right alteration directly so that de- livery or alteration registration is no more needed because section 1 of article 19 of Marriage Law of the People＇ s Republic of China is a special stipulation on real right alteration in contrast with the Property Law of the People＇s Republic of China. When a party of a couple appoints his or her prenuptial property belonging to another party, on China law, it can become a civil bestowal and be applied by the Contract Law of the People＇s Republic of China. Marital agreement of property shall not act against a third party in general for it is lacking of property publication.