伊朗烟草抗议运动探析

An Analysis of the Iranian Tobacco Protest

十九世纪末的伊朗卡扎尔王朝面临着内忧外患的困境,于内国王的腐朽统治让民众苦不堪言,于外英俄两国侵略的不断加深使伊朗面临严重的危机。1890~1892年爆发的烟草抗议运动,是伊朗历史上第一次反对外国特权的民族主义运动,什叶派领袖乌莱玛在其中发挥着重要的作用。随之产生的早期民族主义也因什叶派的参与带有明显的宗教特色,使伊斯兰教成为影响伊朗社会发展的重要因素。在烟草抗议运动中应运而生的民族主义与宗教什叶派所形成的特殊关系,使伊朗的民族主义运动难以摆脱伊斯兰教的影响。文章从烟草抗议运动爆发的背景、反抗的过程及其产生的影响,探析了伊斯兰教在伊朗民族主义运动与政治事务中发挥的作用。

At the end of the nineteenth Century, Qajar Dynasty was facing the dilemma of domestic trouble and foreign invasion, the Qajar Shah＇ s corrupt rule made people miserable, Britain and Russia continued to deepen foreign aggression, so that Iran was confronted with a serious crisis. The Tobacco protest movement of 1890 - 1892, it is the first nationalist movement a- gainst foreign privilege in Iran＇s history, and Shi＇ i religion plays a significant role in the protest. And because of the Ula- ma＇ s subsequent intervention in politics, the early nationalism has the obvious religious characteristics, Islam has become an important factor that can affect the social development. The special relationship between nationalism and religion, this situation makes it difficult to get rid of the influence of Islam. This article will discuss the background of the tobacco movement, the process of resistance and its impact,and then analyze the significance of Islam in Iran＇ nationalist move- ment and political affairs.