属人的对立与属神的对立:博丹的主权哲学

Secular Opposition and Divine Opposition:Bodin's Sovereign Philosophy

博丹将最高权威定义为绝对、永久的主权,且不可分割;主权的最重要识别标志是立法权。博丹以主权的归属为依据,划分了君主制、贵族制和民主制。他认为施行法治的世袭君主制是最好的制度。博丹的政治哲学理论在塑造最高权威时又为其加上限制,且无法解释这种限制的尺度,也无法解释最高权威的来源,透露出其思想的矛盾性。

Bodin defined the highest authority as absolute, permanent sovereignty, which is indivisible. Its core identification is legislative power. Through the description of these two types of oppositions, Bodin categorized sovereignty as monarchy, aristocracy and democracy. He believes that the hereditary monarchy ruled by law is the best system. However, in Bodin＇s political philosophy, he subjectively restricted the supreme authority into certain limitation, and the scale of limitation can not be explained. Meanwhile, the source of the highest authority can not be explained either. This has exposed the contradiction of Bodin＇s sovereign philosophy.