30年来语文课堂教学结构变革的历程、经验与趋势

The Evolution,Experience and Future Trend of Chinese Classroom Structure Innovation in the Past 30 Years

课堂教学结构的变革是改革开放以来我国语文教学变革的重要内容和显著特点。从教与学的相互关系来看,课堂教学结构大体经历了从"重教"的教学结构向教师指导下学生主动学习的"导-学"结构的转型与发展以及以"先学后教"为特征的"学-教"课堂教学结构的形成与发展这两个历史阶段。整观这一变革历程,积淀了一定的实践经验:正确的语文教育理念是课堂教学结构变革的必要条件,变"讲堂"为"学堂"是语文课堂教学结构变革的核心追求,探索符合语文教学特点的实质结构是教学结构变革的内在理路,"常中求变,变中守常"是语文课堂教学结构实践运用的辩证法,语文教师良好的教学素养是教学结构发挥效能的重要保障,建构多元一体的语文课堂教学结构是变革的基本趋向。更加关注学生的学习过程,与信息技术的深度融合以及学生发展核心素养的引领是未来语文课堂教学结构变革的基本趋势。

The innovation of classroom structure has been the focus and prominent feature of Chinese teaching reform since the reform and opening up of our country. In terms of the relationship between teaching and learning, the Chinese classroom structure firstly shifted from the ＂teaching--centered＂ to the ＂guiding--learning＂ structure which featured learners＇ autonomous learning under the guidance of teacher, then secondly to the ＂learning--teaching＂ structure which features the priority of learning to teaching. Experiences accumulated in the process of the innovation include. Proper teaching concept is a prerequisite for innovating Chinese classroom structure~ Changing ＂a lecture hall＂ into a ＂classroom for learning＂ is the core pursuit of Chinese classroom structure innovation; ＂Seeking change in the constant, and keeping constant in the change＂ is the dialectics of Chinese Classroom structure innovation; High quality teachers are the guarantee of teaching effect of new classroom structure; Constructing a unity of multiple structures is the basic orientation for Chinese classroom structure innovation. The future trend in Chinese classroom structure innovation will be more focus on students＇ learning process, the integration of information technology, and the leading role of core literacy.